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Anatomy & Physiology: Classification and Movements of Joints

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Terms in this set (22)

  • What are the two main methods of joint classification?
    Functional classification is based on the range of motion, and structural classification is based on the anatomical organization of the joint.
  • Name the three functional classifications of joints.
    Synarthrosis (immovable), Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and Diarthrosis (freely movable).
  • What are the four structural classifications of joints?
    Bony, Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial.
  • What defines a synovial joint?
    A movable joint found at the ends of long bones, enclosed within an articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane.
  • What is the function of articular cartilage in synovial joints?
    Pads articulating surfaces, prevents bones from touching, and provides smooth surfaces lubricated by synovial fluid to reduce friction.
  • What are the main functions of synovial fluid?
    Lubrication, nutrient distribution, and shock absorption within the joint.
  • List some accessory structures found in synovial joints.
    Cartilages, fat pads, ligaments, and tendons.
  • What is a suture joint and its functional classification?
    A suture is a bony joint where bones are interlocked and bound by dense fibrous connective tissue; functionally classified as synarthrosis (immovable).
  • Define a gomphosis joint.
    A gomphosis is a fibrous joint where a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket, such as a tooth in its alveolus; functionally a synarthrosis.
  • What is a synchondrosis joint?
    A cartilaginous joint where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage, such as the epiphyseal plate; functionally a synarthrosis.
  • Describe a synostosis joint.
    A bony joint formed when two bones fuse, eliminating the joint, such as the fusion of the frontal bone; functionally a synarthrosis.
  • What is a syndesmosis joint and its functional classification?
    A fibrous joint where bones are connected by ligaments, allowing slight movement; functionally an amphiarthrosis.
  • Define a symphysis joint.
    A cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage, allowing slight movement; functionally an amphiarthrosis.
  • What are the three planes of movement in synovial joints?
    Monaxial (one plane), Biaxial (two planes), and Triaxial (three planes).
  • What is the difference between abduction and adduction?
    Abduction moves a limb away from the body's longitudinal axis; adduction moves it toward the axis.
  • Describe flexion and extension movements.
    Flexion decreases the angle between bones; extension increases the angle, returning to anatomical position.
  • What is hyperextension?
    Extension beyond the anatomical position, increasing the angle between bones past normal range.
  • What is circumduction?
    A circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, creating a cone-shaped motion.
  • Define rotation in joint movement.
    A bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis, such as turning the head side to side.
  • What are pronation and supination?
    Pronation rotates the forearm so the palm faces down; supination rotates it so the palm faces up.
  • Explain inversion and eversion of the foot.
    Inversion twists the sole medially; eversion twists the sole laterally.
  • What are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
    Dorsiflexion is flexion at the ankle lifting the toes; plantar flexion is extension at the ankle pointing the toes.