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Anatomy & Physiology Core Concepts

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are anatomical directional terms?

    Directional terms describe the location of one body part relative to another, such as anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior.

  • Define homeostasis.

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell and provides protection and communication.

  • Name the main components of the plasma membrane.

    The plasma membrane is mainly composed of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.

  • What is the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

    Phospholipids form a bilayer that creates a semi-permeable barrier, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails inward.

  • Explain the concept of tissue in anatomy.

    Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a common function in the body.

  • List the four basic tissue types.

    The four basic tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

  • What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

    Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands for protection, absorption, and secretion.

  • Describe connective tissue function.

    Connective tissue supports, binds, and protects organs and other tissues.

  • What is biochemistry in the context of anatomy and physiology?

    Biochemistry studies the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.

  • Define anatomical regions.

    Regions are specific areas of the body used to describe locations, such as the abdominal or thoracic regions.

  • What does the term 'superior' mean in directional anatomy?

    Superior means above or toward the head end of the body.

  • What does 'inferior' mean in anatomical terms?

    Inferior means below or toward the feet.

  • Explain the term 'anterior'.

    Anterior refers to the front or belly side of the body.

  • Explain the term 'posterior'.

    Posterior refers to the back side of the body.

  • What is the importance of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

    Cholesterol stabilizes the membrane's fluidity and integrity across temperature changes.

  • How do proteins function in the plasma membrane?

    Membrane proteins assist in transport, signal reception, and cell recognition.

  • What is the role of carbohydrates on the plasma membrane?

    Carbohydrates on the membrane surface aid in cell recognition and adhesion.

  • What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

    Negative feedback is a control mechanism that reverses a change to maintain homeostasis.

  • Give an example of a homeostatic process.

    Regulation of body temperature by sweating or shivering is an example of homeostasis.