Skip to main content
Back

Anatomy & Physiology Core Concepts

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/28

Terms in this set (28)

  • Define anatomy and physiology

    Anatomy is the study of body structure and relationships. Physiology is the study of body function and how parts work together.

  • Major levels of organization in the human body (simplest to most complex)

    Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

  • List the 11 organ systems of the body

    Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

  • Function of the integumentary system

    Protects body, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and synthesizes vitamin D.

  • Function of the skeletal system

    Supports and protects body organs, provides framework for muscles, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

  • Function of the muscular system

    Allows movement, maintains posture, and produces heat.

  • Function of the nervous system

    Controls body activities with electrical signals, responds to stimuli, and processes information.

  • Function of the endocrine system

    Secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

  • Function of the cardiovascular system

    Transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.

  • Function of the lymphatic system

    Returns fluid to blood, defends against infection, and absorbs fats from the digestive tract.

  • Function of the respiratory system

    Supplies oxygen to blood and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

  • Function of the digestive system

    Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste.

  • Function of the urinary system

    Removes waste from blood, regulates water and electrolyte balance.

  • Function of the reproductive system

    Produces sex cells and hormones; supports development of offspring.

  • List functional characteristics necessary to maintain life

    Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth.

  • List survival needs of the body

    Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure.

  • Define homeostasis and its significance

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes, essential for survival.

  • Components of a feedback loop

    Receptor (detects change), Control center (processes info), Effector (responds to restore balance).

  • Compare positive and negative feedback

    Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain stability; positive feedback amplifies a response to complete a process.

  • Example of negative feedback in homeostasis

    Body temperature regulation: sweating cools the body when too hot.

  • Example of positive feedback in homeostasis

    Childbirth contractions increase in intensity until delivery is complete.

  • Describe anatomical position

    Body standing upright, feet flat, arms at sides, palms facing forward, head and eyes facing forward.

  • Use of directional terms in anatomy

    Terms like superior, inferior, anterior, posterior describe location relative to body parts.

  • Name major body planes

    Sagittal (divides left/right), Frontal (divides front/back), Transverse (divides top/bottom).

  • Major body cavities and their subdivisions

    Dorsal cavity (cranial, spinal), Ventral cavity (thoracic, abdominopelvic).

  • Major organs in thoracic cavity

    Heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland.

  • Four abdominopelvic quadrants and example organs

    Right upper (liver, gallbladder), Left upper (stomach, spleen), Right lower (appendix), Left lower (colon).

  • Nine abdominopelvic regions and example organs

    Right hypochondriac (liver), Epigastric (stomach), Left hypochondriac (spleen), Right lumbar (colon), Umbilical (small intestine), Left lumbar (colon), Right iliac (appendix), Hypogastric (bladder), Left iliac (colon).