BackAnatomy & Physiology Core Concepts
02:13
Terms in this set (22)
From smallest to largest: atoms/molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.
Ionic, covalent, polar covalent, and hydrogen bonds are key bonds in biological molecules.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the main biomolecules in cells.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues form the body’s main tissue categories.
The plasma membrane controls movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
A concentration gradient is the difference in solute concentration across a membrane, driving diffusion.
Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to help molecules move down their concentration gradient without energy.
Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy (ATP).
Membrane potential is the electrical charge difference across the plasma membrane.
The cell cycle includes phases of growth and division, culminating in mitosis.
Mitosis is the process of nuclear division producing two identical daughter cells.
DNA stores genetic information; RNA helps in protein synthesis.
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate, and base.
A gene is a DNA segment coding for a functional product, either coding or noncoding.
mRNA carries code from DNA, rRNA forms ribosomes, tRNA brings amino acids during translation.
Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA.
Translation is the synthesis of proteins from mRNA codons.
A codon is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.
Proteins are chains of amino acids that perform structural and functional roles in cells.
The extracellular matrix provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.