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Anatomy & Physiology Core Concepts

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Terms in this set (49)

  • What is anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of body structure.

  • What is physiology?

    Physiology is the study of how the body functions.

  • What is anatomical position?

    Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward.

  • Why is anatomical position important?

    It provides a common reference for describing the body.

  • What does medial mean?

    Medial means toward the body's midline.

  • What does lateral mean?

    Lateral means away from the body's midline.

  • What does proximal mean?

    Proximal means closer to the point of attachment.

  • What does distal mean?

    Distal means farther from the point of attachment.

  • What does anterior mean?

    Anterior means toward the front of the body.

  • What does posterior mean?

    Posterior means toward the back of the body.

  • The nose is ___ to the eyes.

    Medial.

  • The lungs are ___ to the heart.

    Lateral.

  • The upper arm is ___ to the forearm.

    Proximal.

  • The fingers are ___ to the wrist.

    Distal.

  • The stomach is ___ to the spine.

    Anterior.

  • What is the cranial cavity?

    The cavity containing the brain.

  • What is the vertebral cavity?

    The cavity containing the spinal cord.

  • What is the thoracic cavity?

    The chest cavity containing the heart and lungs.

  • What is the abdominal cavity?

    The cavity containing many digestive organs.

  • What does a sagittal plane divide?

    Divides the body into left and right parts.

  • What does a frontal plane divide?

    Divides the body into front and back parts.

  • What does a transverse plane divide?

    Divides the body into upper and lower parts.

  • What are the four abdominal quadrants?

    RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ.

  • Where is the stomach primarily located?

    In the left upper quadrant (LUQ).

  • What is homeostasis?

    Maintaining a stable internal environment.

  • What is negative feedback?

    A response that reverses the original stimulus.

  • What is positive feedback?

    A response that amplifies the original stimulus.

  • Which feedback mechanism is most common in the body?

    Negative feedback.

  • What is a tissue?

    A group of cells working together for a specific function.

  • What are the four major tissue types?

    Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.

  • What is the visceral layer?

    The layer covering the organ.

  • What is the parietal layer?

    The layer lining the cavity wall.

  • What is the order of levels of organization from simplest to most complex?

    Atoms → molecules → cells → tissues → organs.

  • what does ab- mean

    away from

  • what does hepat/o mean

    liver

  • what does -ac mean

    pertaining to

  • what does -phobia mean

    fear

  • what does my/o mean

    muscle

  • what does poly- mean

    many

  • what does aden/o mean

    gland

  • what does -algia mean

    pain

  • diagram a

    cranial cavity

  • diagram b

    vertebal cavity

  • diagram c

    thoracic cavity

  • diagram d

    abdominal cavity

  • what does the cranial cavity contain

    brain

  • what does the vertebral cavity contain

    spinal cord

  • what does the thoracic cavity contain

    heart and lungs

  • what does the abdominal cavity contain

    stomach, liver, intestines, and other digestive organs