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Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Review

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Terms in this set (28)

  • Scientific Method
    A six-step process used to investigate phenomena, acquire new knowledge, or correct previous knowledge.
  • Definition of Anatomy
    Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
  • Definition of Physiology
    Physiology is the study of the function of the body parts and the body as a whole.
  • Levels of Organization in the Human Body
    Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism.
  • Anatomical Position
    Body standing upright, facing forward, feet flat, arms at sides with palms facing forward.
  • Homeostasis
    The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.
  • Negative Feedback
    A control mechanism that reverses a change in a controlled condition to maintain homeostasis.
  • Positive Feedback
    A control mechanism that amplifies a change in a controlled condition, often leading to a specific outcome.
  • Definition of Cell
    The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
  • Selective Permeability of Cell Membrane
    Allows some substances to pass through while blocking others.
  • Diffusion
    The passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
  • Osmosis
    The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
  • Isotonic Solution
    A solution with the same solute concentration as the cell, causing no net water movement.
  • Hypertonic Solution
    A solution with higher solute concentration than the cell, causing water to leave the cell.
  • Hypotonic Solution
    A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to enter the cell.
  • Mitosis
    A type of cell division producing two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent.
  • Transcription
    The process of copying DNA into mRNA in the nucleus.
  • Translation
    The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA at the ribosome.
  • Difference between Coding Strand and Template Strand
    The coding strand has the same sequence as mRNA (except T instead of U), while the template strand is used to make mRNA.
  • Function of Ribosomes
    Sites of protein synthesis where translation occurs.
  • Major Functions of the Circulatory System
    Transport of nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
  • Characteristics of Mammalia
    Warm-blooded vertebrates with hair and mammary glands.
  • Definition of Enzymes
    Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
  • Four Levels of Protein Structure
    Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary structures.
  • Properties of Water Important to Physiology
    High heat capacity, solvent properties, lubrication, and chemical reactivity.
  • Difference between Anions and Cations
    Anions are negatively charged ions; cations are positively charged ions.
  • Definition of pH
    A measure of hydrogen ion concentration; indicates acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
  • Definition of ATP
    Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.