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Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1 Review Flashcards

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Terms in this set (80)

  • The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body is called ________ anatomy.
    Regional anatomy.
  • Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?
    Skeletal system.
  • A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n) _______.
    Effector.
  • While standing in the anatomical position, what do back and front refer to?
    Back refers to dorsal and posterior; front refers to anterior and ventral.
  • Which plane separates the body into superior and inferior portions? Which separates into anterior and posterior portions?
    Transverse/horizontal separates superior and inferior; frontal/coronal separates anterior and posterior.
  • A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) ________ section.
    Parasagittal section.
  • The membrane that covers the inner surface of cavity walls is called the ________.
    Parietal serosa.
  • If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.
    Negative feedback system.
  • The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.
    Surface anatomy.
  • The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the ______.
    Hypothalamus.
  • Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?
    Lymphatic system.
  • Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
    It produces a more rapid response than the nervous system (this is false).
  • The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
    Distal to the elbow.
  • Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
    Respiratory system.
  • The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except ________.
    Pelvic quadrant is not a recognized quadrant.
  • Systemic physiology is the study of ________.

    the study of all aspects of the functioning of specific organ systems

  • The thoracic cavity contains the ________.
    Pericardial and pleural cavities.
  • The common name for the patella is the ________.
    Knee.
  • Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?
    Upper is not a specific abdominopelvic region.
  • Are the anatomical landmarks dorsal, gluteal, and calcaneal visible from the anterior or posterior view?
    Posterior view.
  • In which abdominopelvic quadrant and region is the stomach predominantly found?
    Left upper quadrant and epigastric region.
  • Which term refers to the foot?
    Pedal.
  • Using directional references, how would you describe the relationship of the hand compared to the elbow? To the groin?

    Hand is distal to elbow and lateral to groin.

  • Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
    Sagittal plane.
  • Tissue specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.
    Muscle tissue.
  • What is the name of the epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity?
    Mesothelium.
  • The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are ________.
    Simple and stratified.
  • Tissue specialized for conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.
    Neural tissue.
  • The auricle, or outer ear, contains ________ cartilage.
    Elastic cartilage.
  • The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the ________.
    Lamina propria.
  • Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by ________.
    A basement membrane.
  • The study of tissues is called ________.
    Histology.
  • Which tissues are classified as 'connective tissue proper'?
    Areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, and dense irregular connective tissue.
  • The internal framework or stroma of organs like spleen and liver is made of ________ tissue.
    Reticular tissue.
  • Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form ________ that cover and protect other structures.
    Tissue membranes.
  • A tissue that provides strength and support for stresses from many directions is ________.
    Dense irregular connective tissue.
  • The body's longest cells are ________.
    Neurons.
  • Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called ________.
    Lymph.
  • The three kinds of formed elements in blood are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and ________.
    Platelets.
  • Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands.
    Endocrine glands.
  • Which type of loose connective tissue provides padding, cushions shock, reduces heat loss, and stores energy?
    Adipose tissue; commonly found deep to skin at sides, buttocks, and breasts.
  • What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?
    Erythrocyte (red blood cell).
  • Which cell junction allows diffusion of ions and molecules between cells?
    Gap junction.
  • An epithelial cell can be divided into two functional regions: the ________ and the basal surface.
    Apical surface and basal surface.
  • The network of sensory nerves surrounding the base of each hair follicle is the ________.
    Root hair plexus.
  • The layer of hard keratin that acts as the surface of the hair is termed the ________.
    Cuticle.
  • The tough superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum ________.
    Corneum.
  • Which of the following is not a function of sebum?
    It helps the skin shed excess heat (this is false).
  • The layer of the epidermis that contains several layers of living cells connected by abundant desmosomes is the stratum ________.
    Spinosum.
  • If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed, what happens?
    The hair matrix loses its blood supply, stopping hair production.
  • The layer of epidermis where most cells have stopped dividing and started making large amounts of keratin is the stratum ________.
    Granulosum.
  • In a penetrating wound, ________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis.
    Fibroblasts.
  • The layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the ________.
    Stratum basale.
  • All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer except it ________.
    It is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane (this is false).
  • Thin skin contains ________ epidermal layers and thick skin contains ________ layers.
    Thin skin has 4 layers; thick skin has 5 layers.
  • The sensory cells associated with the deep layers of the epidermis are ________.
    Merkel cells.
  • Where do sebaceous glands and sebaceous follicles discharge their secretions?
    Sebaceous glands discharge into hair follicles; sebaceous follicles discharge onto epidermis.
  • The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic quadrants?
    Right lower and left lower quadrants.
  • The heart is ________ to the lungs.
    Medial to the lungs.
  • Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.
    Digestive system.
  • The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called ________ anatomy.
    Developmental anatomy.
  • The common term for the carpal region is the ________.
    Wrist.
  • The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is ________.
    A transverse plane at the hips.
  • Identify the structure located within the mediastinum.
    Pericardial cavity.
  • Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal?
    Kidney.
  • Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.
    Physiology.
  • The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as ________.
    Matrix.
  • Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?
    Hyaline cartilage.
  • The three categories of connective tissues are ________.
    Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue.
  • Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon?
    Deep fascia.
  • Epithelial cells that line the small intestine transport nutrients into the body. Directional transport is associated with the epithelial tissue property of ________.
    Polarity.
  • Which blood vessels have porous walls that allow water and small solutes to seep through?
    Capillaries.
  • A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a ________.
    Scab.
  • The largest quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum ________.
    Corneum.
  • All of the following contain blood vessels except the ________.
    Epidermis.
  • Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
    Cardiovascular system.
  • In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which type of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?
    Desmosomes.
  • Tissue changes with age include all of the following except ________.
    Except proliferation of epidermal cells (which decreases with age).
  • In ________ a stimulus produces a response that amplifies or enhances the original stimulus.
    Positive feedback.
  • Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ________ at their free surface.
    Microvilli.