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Anatomy & Physiology Foundations

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Terms in this set (29)

  • What is the primary goal of learning anatomy and physiology in healthcare?
    To understand medical terminology by dissecting medical terms and relating them to body systems.
  • What are the four main parts of a medical term?
    Prefix, word root, suffix, and combining vowel.
  • What does the word root 'cardi' refer to?
    The heart, part of the cardiovascular system.
  • What is the function of the integumentary system?
    Protects the body, houses nerve receptors, secretes fluids, and regulates temperature.
  • Name the three main layers of the skin.
    Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
  • What are the two types of glands in the skin?
    Sebaceous (oil) glands and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.
  • What are the primary functions of the muscular system?
    Movement of bones, protection of organs, and heat production.
  • How many bones compose the adult human skeletal system?
    270 bones.
  • What are the two subsystems of the skeletal system?
    Axial skeleton (skull and spinal column) and appendicular skeleton (other bones).
  • What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
    To pump blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste.
  • What is the role of the SA node in the heart?
    It is the normal pacemaker that initiates electrical impulses causing heart contractions.
  • Name the three types of formed elements in blood.
    Erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets.
  • What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
    To filter blood, remove pathogens, and support the immune system.
  • What organs are part of the lymphatic system?
    Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils.
  • What is the main function of the respiratory system?
    To bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide.
  • Name the three parts of the small intestine.
    Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
  • What is the primary function of the digestive system?
    To digest food into nutrients for absorption and energy.
  • What organs are included in the urinary system?
    Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
  • What is the main function of the urinary system?
    To filter blood, form urine, and eliminate waste.
  • What are the main organs of the female reproductive system?
    Uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina, vulva, and breasts.
  • What hormones regulate the female menstrual cycle?
    Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone.
  • What is the primary function of the male reproductive system?
    To produce sperm cells and male sex hormones.
  • Name the main glands of the endocrine system.
    Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes, and pancreas (Islets of Langerhans).
  • What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
    It links the nervous and endocrine systems and controls pituitary gland hormone release.
  • What is the primary function of the nervous system?
    To receive, process, and respond to electrical impulses controlling body functions.
  • What are the three divisions of the ear?
    External ear, middle ear, and inner ear.
  • What is the function of the cochlea in the ear?
    To convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses for hearing.
  • What are the main structures of the eye involved in vision?
    Cornea, pupil, lens, retina (rods and cones), and optic nerve.
  • What is the function of rods and cones in the retina?
    Rods detect dim light for night vision; cones detect bright light and color.