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Anatomy & Physiology: General Physiology & Homeostasis

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Terms in this set (15)

  • What does anatomy study?

    Anatomy describes the structure of the body, including what it is made of, its location, and its structure.

  • What are the main types of gross anatomy?

    Surface, Regional, Systemic, Developmental, and Clinical anatomy.

  • Define microscopic anatomy and its two main branches.

    Microscopic anatomy studies structures too small to see with the naked eye, including cytology (cells) and histology (tissues).

  • What is physiology?

    Physiology is the study of the function of anatomical structures.

  • Name five major body systems and one key function of each.

    Integumentary: protection and temperature regulation
    Digestive: digestion and energy absorption
    Skeletal: support and blood cell production
    Muscular: movement and heat generation
    Nervous: sensory information delivery

  • List the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex.

    Atom → Molecular → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism

  • What is homeostasis?

    Homeostasis maintains stable internal conditions like temperature and pH.

  • Differentiate intrinsic and extrinsic homeostatic responses.

    Intrinsic: automatic local response to environmental change.
    Extrinsic: controlled by nervous and endocrine systems.

  • Describe the components and flow of negative feedback.

    Negative feedback reverses deviations using: Receptor (detects stimulus) → Control center (processes info) → Effector (carries out response).

  • What is positive feedback and when is it used?

    Positive feedback amplifies deviations from set point to speed up processes, moving away from homeostasis temporarily.

  • Define supine and prone body positions.

    Supine: lying face up.
    Prone: lying face down.

  • What do anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal refer to?

    Anterior/ventral: toward the front.
    Posterior/dorsal: toward the back.

  • What planes divide the body into superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, and left/right?

    Transverse: superior and inferior.
    Frontal: anterior and posterior.
    Sagittal: left and right.

  • Name the serous membranes and the organs they cover.

    Peritoneum: abdominal organs.
    Pericardium: heart.
    Pleura: lungs.

  • List functions of membrane proteins.

    Anchoring, receptors, and recognition.