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Anatomy & Physiology: Homeostasis, Histology, and Skin

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Terms in this set (29)

  • What is homeostasis?

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite changes inside or outside the body.

  • What are the three components of a homeostatic control system?

    Receptor detects change, Control center processes information and decides response, Effector carries out the response.

  • What is the role of the receptor in homeostasis?

    The receptor detects changes in the internal or external environment and sends information to the control center.

  • What does the control center do in homeostasis?

    The control center receives information, compares it to the set point, and determines the appropriate response.

  • What is the function of the effector in homeostasis?

    The effector carries out the response that changes the regulated condition to maintain homeostasis.

  • Difference between negative and positive feedback

    Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain stability; positive feedback amplifies a change until a specific event stops it.

  • Example of negative feedback

    Sweating to cool the body when too hot is an example of negative feedback.

  • Why is childbirth an example of positive feedback?

    Uterine contractions stimulate oxytocin release, which strengthens contractions, amplifying the process until delivery.

  • What is a set point in homeostasis?

    A set point is the target value or reference level around which a condition is regulated.

  • What happens if homeostasis fails?

    Homeostatic imbalance can cause conditions like diabetes, dehydration, hypothermia, hyperthermia, or acid-base imbalance.

  • What is histology?

    Histology is the study of tissues under a microscope, focusing on groups of similar cells working together.

  • Name the four primary tissue types

    Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous tissues.

  • Function of epithelial tissue

    Covers surfaces, lines cavities and organs, and forms glands.

  • Key features of connective tissue

    Supports, binds, protects, stores energy, and transports substances; contains cells and abundant extracellular matrix.

  • Types of muscle tissue and control

    Skeletal (voluntary), Cardiac (involuntary), Smooth (involuntary).

  • Function of nervous tissue

    Receives, processes, and transmits information via electrical and chemical signals.

  • How is epithelial tissue classified?

    By number of cell layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified, transitional) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).

  • Difference between tendons and ligaments

    Tendons connect muscle to bone; ligaments connect bone to bone.

  • What are the three main layers of the skin?

    Epidermis (outermost), Dermis (middle), Hypodermis (deepest, not technically skin).

  • Which skin layer contains blood vessels?

    The dermis contains blood vessels; the epidermis is avascular.

  • Name the five layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial

    Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum (thick skin only), Stratum corneum.

  • Function of keratinocytes

    Produce keratin, forming the main protective barrier of the skin.

  • Role of melanocytes

    Produce melanin, which protects DNA from UV radiation and contributes to skin color.

  • Difference between thick and thin skin

    Thick skin has a thicker epidermis and stratum lucidum, found on palms and soles; thin skin covers most of the body and lacks stratum lucidum.

  • What are the two layers of the dermis?

    Papillary layer (areolar connective tissue) and Reticular layer (dense irregular connective tissue).

  • Function of eccrine sweat glands

    Produce watery sweat for temperature regulation through evaporative cooling.

  • What happens during vasodilation?

    Blood vessels near the skin surface dilate, increasing blood flow and heat loss.

  • Stages of skin wound healing

    Hemostasis, Inflammation, Proliferation, Remodeling.

  • Classification of burns by depth

    First-degree: epidermis only; Second-degree: epidermis and part of dermis; Third-degree: full thickness of epidermis and dermis.