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Anatomy & Physiology: Integumentary System

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the main functions of the skin?
    Protection, thermoregulation, sensation, synthesis, and excretion.
  • What are the two main regions of the skin?
    Epidermis (superficial) and dermis (beneath epidermis). The hypodermis is not part of the skin.
  • What type of tissue composes the epidermis?
    Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium primarily made of keratinocytes.
  • Name the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial.
    Stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum (only in thick skin), and corneum.
  • What cells are found in the epidermis besides keratinocytes?
    Melanocytes (produce melanin) and tactile cells (sensory receptors).
  • What are the two layers of the dermis?
    Papillary layer (loose connective tissue) and reticular layer (dense irregular connective tissue).
  • What structures are found in the papillary layer of the dermis?
    Dermal papillae containing capillaries and tactile corpuscles.
  • What type of connective tissue is found in the reticular layer of the dermis?
    Dense irregular connective tissue with elastic fibers and collagen bundles.
  • What are the main accessory structures of the skin?
    Hairs, nails, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands.
  • What are the parts of a hair?
    Hair shaft (above skin), hair root (embedded in follicle), hair matrix, and hair papilla.
  • What are the main parts of a nail?
    Nail plate, nail body, nail root, and nail matrix.
  • What are the two main types of sudoriferous (sweat) glands?
    Eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands.
  • Where do sebaceous (oil) glands secrete sebum?
    Into hair follicles to lubricate hair and skin.
  • What is the role of melanocytes in the epidermis?
    They synthesize melanin, which protects keratinocyte nuclei from UV radiation.
  • What is the function of the stratum basale?
    It contains stem cells that divide to produce new keratinocytes.
  • What happens in the stratum granulosum?
    Keratinocytes begin to die and become keratinized, forming a waterproof barrier.
  • What sensory receptors are found in the dermis?
    Tactile corpuscles (light touch) and lamellated corpuscles (pressure and vibration).
  • What is the hypodermis composed of and its function?
    Composed of adipose tissue and connective tissue; it anchors skin to underlying structures and provides insulation.
  • How does the integumentary system regulate body temperature?
    Through sweat gland secretion and blood vessel dilation or constriction in the dermis.
  • What is the role of the arrector pili muscle?
    It contracts to cause hair to stand up (goosebumps) and helps trap heat.