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Anatomy & Physiology: Integumentary System Review

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  • Which epidermal layer is most closely associated with the papillary layer of the dermis?

    Stratum spinosum is most closely associated with the papillary layer of the dermis.

  • Where are Langerhans cells commonly found?

    Langerhans cells are commonly found in the stratum granulosum.

  • What tissue mainly composes the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis?

    Both layers are mainly composed of collagen and connective tissue, not melanocytes, keratinocytes, or adipose tissue.

  • What role does collagen play in the skin?

    Collagen lends strength and structural support to the skin, not elasticity or color.

  • Which is NOT a function of the hypodermis?

    The hypodermis does not help maintain body temperature directly; it protects organs and stores long-term energy.

  • What happens to the arrector pili muscles in response to sympathetic nervous system stimuli?

    The arrector pili muscles contract to cause hair to stand up, not secrete sebum or cause sweating.

  • What does the hair matrix contain?

    The hair matrix contains cells that produce the hair shaft, not the follicle or glassy membrane.

  • What is the primary function of eccrine sweat glands?

    Eccrine sweat glands produce sweat for thermoregulation, not sebum or acting as moisturizers.

  • What do sebaceous glands secrete?

    Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance, not sweat or watery solutions.

  • Which part of the nail is furthest from the growth center?

    The eponychium (cuticle) is furthest from the nail growth center.

  • What vitamin-related process requires skin exposure to sunlight?

    Exposure to sunlight is required for vitamin D synthesis, not folate production or arteriole constriction.

  • Which does NOT directly contribute to the skin's protective function?

    Merkel cells do not directly contribute to protection; they are sensory cells.

  • Which skin layer must be cut to cause bleeding?

    Cutting into the stratum basale causes bleeding because it contains blood vessels.

  • Which epidermal layer prevents the skin from drying out?

    The stratum granulosum helps prevent water loss and drying out.

  • Which cells help fight bacteria entering a skin wound?

    Keratinocytes help get rid of bacteria by producing protective proteins.

  • What is true about skin cancers in general?

    Skin cancers mostly affect the epidermis and can be serious if untreated.

  • What causes bedsores?

    Bedsores result from prolonged pressure and poor circulation, not dry skin or massages.

  • Which layers are damaged in a sunburn with blisters?

    Both the epidermis and hypodermis are damaged in severe sunburns with blisters.

  • What is the next step after blood clot formation in wound healing?

    The next step is inflammation and increased activity of immune cells, not melanin production or sensory corpuscle increase.

  • Which cells are affected by squamous cell carcinoma?

    Squamous cell carcinoma affects keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.