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Anatomy & Physiology: Integumentary System, Tissues, and Skin Repair

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Terms in this set (14)

  • Major components of the integumentary system

    Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and sensory receptors.

  • Main functions of the integumentary system

    Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D production, excretion, immune defense, and blood reservoir.

  • Function of keratinocytes

    Produce keratin for protection and strength in the epidermis.

  • Difference between thin and thick skin

    Thick skin has a thicker epidermis with a stratum lucidum, no hair follicles or sebaceous glands, found on palms and soles; thin skin covers most of the body.

  • Two layers of the dermis and their characteristics

    Papillary layer: superficial, areolar connective tissue with capillaries and sensory receptors.
    Reticular layer: deeper, dense irregular connective tissue with collagen, elastic fibers, glands, and hair follicles.

  • Types of sensory receptors in the skin

    Free nerve endings (pain, temperature), Meissner corpuscles (light touch), Pacinian corpuscles (deep pressure), hair root plexuses (hair movement), Ruffini endings (stretch).

  • Difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

    Eccrine glands produce watery sweat for cooling; apocrine glands produce protein- and lipid-rich secretions in armpits and groin, contributing to body odor.

  • Albinism

    Inherited condition with reduced or absent melanin production, leading to pale skin, hair, and eyes, and increased UV susceptibility.

  • Cyanosis

    Bluish skin discoloration due to increased deoxygenated hemoglobin, indicating poor oxygenation.

  • Basal cell carcinoma vs malignant melanoma

    Basal cell carcinoma arises from basal cells, grows slowly, rarely metastasizes; melanoma arises from melanocytes, grows rapidly, and can metastasize.

  • Functions of tight junctions and desmosomes

    Tight junctions seal cells to prevent passage between them; desmosomes anchor cells to resist mechanical stress.

  • Differences between cutaneous, serous, mucous, and synovial membranes

    Cutaneous: skin; serous: line closed cavities; mucous: line passages open to outside; synovial: line joint capsules.

  • Four classic signs of inflammation

    Redness, heat, swelling, and pain caused by increased blood flow and immune activity.

  • Purpose of inflammation

    Eliminate harmful agents, remove damaged tissue, and initiate repair.