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Anatomy & Physiology: Joint Articulations

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is a joint articulation?
    A joint articulation is the connection between two or more bones that allows movement and provides mechanical support.
  • Name the three functional classifications of joints.
    Synarthrosis (immovable), Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and Diarthrosis (freely movable).
  • What are the structural classifications of joints?
    Joints are classified structurally as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial based on the type of connective tissue binding the bones.
  • Describe fibrous joints.
    Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue and generally allow little or no movement.
  • Give an example of a fibrous joint.
    The sutures between skull bones are fibrous joints.
  • What characterizes cartilaginous joints?
    Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage and allow limited movement.
  • Name two types of cartilaginous joints.
    Synchondroses (hyaline cartilage) and symphyses (fibrocartilage).
  • What is a synovial joint?
    A synovial joint has a fluid-filled cavity between articulating bones, allowing free movement.
  • List the main components of a synovial joint.
    Articular cartilage, synovial membrane, joint cavity, synovial fluid, ligaments, and sometimes bursae.
  • What is the function of synovial fluid?
    Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reduces friction, and nourishes the articular cartilage.
  • Define ligament in the context of joints.
    A ligament is a band of dense connective tissue that connects bone to bone, stabilizing the joint.
  • What type of movement do hinge joints allow?
    Hinge joints allow movement in one plane, such as flexion and extension.
  • Give an example of a hinge joint.
    The elbow joint is a hinge joint.
  • What movement is permitted by ball-and-socket joints?
    Ball-and-socket joints allow movement in multiple planes including rotation, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
  • Name two ball-and-socket joints in the human body.
    The shoulder and hip joints.
  • What is the role of articular cartilage?
    Articular cartilage covers bone ends in synovial joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock.
  • Describe a saddle joint.
    A saddle joint allows movement back and forth and side to side but limited rotation, like the thumb joint.
  • What is an example of a pivot joint?
    The joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas and axis) is a pivot joint.
  • How do gliding joints move?
    Gliding joints allow bones to slide past each other in any direction along the plane of the joint.
  • Give an example of a gliding joint.
    The intercarpal joints of the wrist.