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Anatomy & Physiology: Joints and Movements

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Introduction to Joints Example 1

Introduction to Joints Example 1

Map of the Lesson on Joints

Map of the Lesson on Joints

Introduction to Joints

Introduction to Joints

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What are articulations?: Joints where two bones meet.
What determines movement at a joint?: Joint structure (range of motion).
Relationship between mobility and strength?: More mobility means less strength.
Functional classification of joints is based on?: Movement.
What is a synarthrosis?: Immovable joint.
What is an amphiarthrosis?: Slightly movable joint.
What is a diarthrosis?: Freely movable joint.
Structural classification of joints is based on?: Material or structure connecting bones.
Name the four structural types of joints.: Bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.
What is a suture?: Immovable skull joint.
What is a gomphosis?: Joint where teeth fit into sockets.
What is a synchondrosis?: Cartilage joint.
What is a synostosis?: Fused bone joint.
Movement allowed by amphiarthroses?: Slight movement.
What is a syndesmosis?: Joint connected by ligaments.
What is a symphysis?: Joint with fibrocartilage pad.
All diarthroses are structurally what type of joint?: Synovial joints.
Functions of synovial fluid?: Lubrication, nutrient delivery, shock absorption.
Ligaments attach what to what?: Bone to bone.
Tendons attach what to what?: Muscle to bone.
What are bursae?: Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction.
What is a meniscus?: Fibrocartilage pad in a joint.
What is a dislocation?: Bones forced out of their normal position.
What is a subluxation?: Partial dislocation of a joint.
What is gliding movement?: Bones slide past each other.
Define flexion.: Decreases the angle between bones.
Define extension.: Increases the angle between bones.
What is hyperextension?: Extension beyond the normal range.
Define abduction.: Movement away from the midline.
Define adduction.: Movement toward the midline.
What is circumduction?: Circular movement of a limb.
Define medial rotation.: Rotation toward the body.
Define lateral rotation.: Rotation away from the body.
What is pronation?: Rotation of the palm downward.
What is supination?: Rotation of the palm upward.
Define dorsiflexion.: Movement of toes upward.
Define plantar flexion.: Movement of toes downward (tiptoe).
Define inversion.: Sole of foot turns inward.
Define eversion.: Sole of foot turns outward.
What is opposition?: Movement of thumb to touch fingers.
What type of joint is a gliding joint?: Joint with flat bone surfaces.
What type of joint is a hinge joint?: Joint allowing movement in one plane (e.g., elbow).
What type of joint is a pivot joint?: Joint allowing rotational movement.
What is a condylar joint?: Biaxial joint allowing movement in two planes.
What is a saddle joint?: Joint found in the thumb allowing wide range of motion.
What is a ball-and-socket joint?: Joint with greatest range of motion, e.g., shoulder and hip.
What is the outer layer of an intervertebral disc?: Anulus fibrosus.
What is the inner core of an intervertebral disc?: Nucleus pulposus.
Which joint has the greatest range of motion?: The shoulder joint.
What type of joint is the elbow?: Hinge joint.
What type of joint is the hip?: Ball-and-socket joint.
What type of joint is the knee?: Complex hinge joint.
Function of menisci in the knee?: Cushion and stabilize the joint.
What is osteoarthritis?: Wear and tear joint disease.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?: Autoimmune joint disease.
What is gout?: Joint disease caused by crystal buildup.