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Anatomy & Physiology Key Concepts

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Terms in this set (31)

  • The thigh is ________ to the knee.
    Proximal
  • Relationship between solute concentration and osmotic pressure
    The greater the solute concentration, the greater the osmotic pressure.
  • Organelles that digest worn-out cell components and destroy microbes
    Lysosomes
  • Why is administering pure water intravenously dangerous?
    Pure water moves into red blood cells causing them to lyse.
  • A __________ is to a nucleic acid as an amino acid is to a polypeptide.
    Nucleotide
  • Calculate total magnification: ocular lens 10×, objective lens 45×
    450×
  • Correct order of protein synthesis steps
    3. DNA uncoils for transcription, 1. mRNA produced, 6. mRNA moves to ribosome, 2. Ribosome moves along mRNA, 5. tRNA brings amino acids, 4. Polypeptide produced.
  • Which cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane?
    Proteins
  • Taxol prevents which process by attaching to spindle fibers?
    Anaphase
  • True statement about osmosis
    Water is drawn toward high concentrations of solutes.
  • Body region visible only on posterior/dorsal surface
    Popliteal
  • Cell cycle phase for protein synthesis, growth, and organelle replication
    G1 phase
  • Function of coarse and fine adjustment knobs on a microscope
    Make initial and subsequent focusing adjustments when viewing a specimen.
  • A peptide bond is found in ______ and links _______.
    Proteins; links two amino acids.
  • Organelle responsible for synthesizing ATP
    Mitochondrion
  • Which cell is propelled by a flagellum?
    Sperm
  • How does a letter appear under a microscope?
    Upside down and backward.
  • Supportive frame of the microscope joining body tube to base
    Arm
  • Organelle controlling cell activities like protein synthesis and division
    Nucleus
  • The nosepiece on a microscope holds the
    Objective lenses
  • The alpha-helix is an example of which protein structure level?
    Secondary
  • Small lens under the stage that narrows and directs light through the specimen
    Condenser
  • Effect of increased hydrogen ions on blood pH
    It decreases blood pH.
  • Why can excess hydrogen ions be fatal?
    They change protein shape, alter pH, break bonds, and disrupt tissue functions.
  • Basic building blocks of carbohydrates
    Monosaccharides
  • Enzymes are biological ______ and function to ________.
    Catalysts; they increase the rate of chemical reactions.
  • DNA duplication, copying to mRNA, and reading mRNA to make protein are called
    Replication, transcription, and translation respectively.
  • Two hydrogen atoms sharing electrons equally form what bond?
    Nonpolar covalent bond
  • Nitrogenous base that replaces thymine in RNA
    Uracil
  • Which is NOT a primary component of a typical animal cell?
    Cell wall
  • Which statement is NOT part of the cell theory?
    Cells are not the smallest living units that perform physiological functions.