BackAnatomy & Physiology Key Concepts
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Terms in this set (29)
Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a controlled process that removes damaged or unnecessary cells.
Epithelium is a tissue composed of closely packed cells that line body surfaces and cavities, providing protection and absorption.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
Mitochondria are organelles that generate ATP through cellular respiration, supplying energy to the cell.
Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms, creating charged ions.
Schwann cells produce the myelin sheath around peripheral nerve fibers, aiding in faster nerve impulse conduction.
Contralateral refers to structures or actions occurring on the opposite side of the body.
Microglia are immune cells in the central nervous system that remove debris and pathogens.
A membrane is a lipid bilayer that encloses cells and organelles, controlling substance movement.
Superficial means near the surface, while deep refers to structures farther from the surface.
A cofactor is a non-protein molecule that assists enzymes in catalyzing reactions.
A disaccharide is a carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides linked together.
The cytoskeleton provides structural support, shape, and facilitates cell movement.
An anion is a negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.
Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around neurons in the central nervous system.
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from messenger RNA at the ribosome.
The nucleus stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
Gross anatomy studies body structures visible to the naked eye.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells.
A stimulus is any change in the environment that elicits a response from an organism or cell.
Anterior refers to the front or forward-facing part of the body.
Permeability is the ability of a membrane to allow substances to pass through it.
The centrosome organizes microtubules and is key in cell division.
Catabolism is the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.
Astrocytes support neurons, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and regulate the extracellular environment.
Systemic refers to something relating to the entire body or a body system.
Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances in the cell.
Genetic expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products like proteins.