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Anatomy & Physiology Lab Exam 1 Key Terms

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Terms in this set (59)

  • Acromial
    Relating to the point of the shoulder.
  • Antebrachial
    Pertaining to the forearm.
  • Axillary
    Refers to the armpit region.
  • Brachial
    Relating to the arm.
  • Calcaneal
    Pertaining to the heel of the foot.
  • Cervical
    Relating to the neck region.
  • Coxal
    Refers to the hip area.
  • Cranial
    Pertaining to the skull or head.
  • Dorsal
    Relating to the back side of the body.
  • Femoral
    Pertaining to the thigh.
  • Gluteal
    Refers to the buttock region.
  • Inguinal
    Relating to the groin area.
  • Lumbar
    Pertaining to the lower back region.
  • Mammary
    Relating to the breast.
  • Olecranal
    Refers to the posterior elbow.
  • Patellar
    Pertaining to the kneecap.
  • Plantar
    Relating to the sole of the foot.
  • Sacral
    Pertaining to the region between the hips at the base of the spine.
  • Tarsal
    Refers to the ankle region.
  • Abdominal cavity
    Body cavity containing digestive organs like stomach, liver, and intestines.
  • Abdominopelvic cavity
    Combined abdominal and pelvic cavities housing digestive and reproductive organs.
  • Cranial cavity
    Space within the skull that contains the brain.
  • Dorsal cavity
    Body cavity that includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
  • Pelvic cavity
    Body cavity containing urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.
  • Thoracic cavity
    Cavity housing the heart and lungs, protected by the rib cage.
  • Pericardial cavity
    Space surrounding the heart within the thoracic cavity.
  • Pleural cavity
    Space surrounding each lung within the thoracic cavity.
  • Peritoneum
    Membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and covering abdominal organs.
  • Frontal plane
    Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts.
  • Sagittal plane
    Vertical plane dividing the body into left and right parts.
  • Transverse plane
    Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
  • Epidermis
    Outer layer of skin composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
  • Dermis
    Inner layer of skin containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
  • Hypodermis
    Subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis made mostly of adipose tissue.
  • Stratum basale
    Deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are generated.
  • Stratum corneum
    Outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead, flattened cells.
  • Apocrine sweat gland
    Sweat gland found mainly in the armpits and groin, secretes thicker sweat.
  • Eccrine sweat gland
    Sweat gland distributed over most of the body, produces watery sweat.
  • Sebaceous gland
    Oil gland that secretes sebum to lubricate skin and hair.
  • Arrector pili muscle
    Small muscle attached to hair follicles that causes hair to stand up.
  • Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle
    Sensory receptor in the skin for light touch.
  • Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle
    Sensory receptor in the skin for deep pressure and vibration.
  • Simple squamous epithelium
    Single layer of flat cells allowing diffusion and filtration.
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
    Single layer of cube-shaped cells involved in secretion and absorption.
  • Simple columnar epithelium
    Single layer of tall cells specialized for absorption and secretion.
  • Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    Single layer of cells with varying heights, often with cilia, found in respiratory tract.
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
    Multiple layers of flat cells providing protection against abrasion.
  • Transitional epithelium
    Specialized epithelium that stretches, found in urinary bladder.
  • Areolar connective tissue
    Loose connective tissue that cushions organs and holds tissue fluids.
  • Adipose tissue
    Connective tissue storing fat for energy and insulation.
  • Dense regular connective tissue
    Tissue with parallel collagen fibers providing strong attachment, found in tendons.
  • Dense irregular connective tissue
    Tissue with collagen fibers in multiple directions providing strength in various directions.
  • Hyaline cartilage
    Most common cartilage type, providing support with some flexibility.
  • Fibrocartilage
    Tough cartilage found in intervertebral discs and knee menisci.
  • Elastic cartilage
    Cartilage with elastic fibers providing flexibility, found in ear and epiglottis.
  • Cardiac muscle
    Involuntary muscle found only in the heart, characterized by intercalated discs.
  • Skeletal muscle
    Voluntary muscle attached to bones for movement.
  • Smooth muscle
    Involuntary muscle found in walls of hollow organs.
  • Intercalated disc
    Specialized connections between cardiac muscle cells for synchronized contraction.