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Anatomy & Physiology Lab Exercises Overview

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Terms in this set (21)

  • 12 organ systems of the human body
    Includes systems such as circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, muscular, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic, urinary, reproductive, and immune.
  • Microscope total magnification
    Calculated by multiplying the ocular lens magnification by the objective lens magnification.
  • Cell membrane functions
    Controls entry and exit of substances, provides protection, and facilitates communication between cells.
  • Cell cycle stages
    Includes interphase (growth and DNA replication), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).
  • Four primary tissue types
    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues, each with distinct structure and function.
  • Epithelial tissue classification
    Based on cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and number of layers (simple or stratified).
  • Connective tissue extracellular matrix
    Composed of ground substance, fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular), and various cell types.
  • Three muscle tissue types
    Skeletal (voluntary, striated), cardiac (involuntary, striated), and smooth (involuntary, non-striated).
  • Integumentary system layers
    Includes the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer, each with specific tissues and functions.
  • Five layers of the epidermis
    From deep to superficial: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
  • Bone classification by shape
    Long, short, flat, and irregular bones based on their shape and function.
  • Osteon anatomy
    Structural unit of compact bone including osteocytes, lacunae, canaliculi, central canals, and lamellae.
  • Axial skeleton components
    Includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
  • Vertebral regions
    Five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
  • Types of ribs
    True ribs attach directly to the sternum, false ribs attach indirectly, and floating ribs do not attach to the sternum.
  • Appendicular skeleton major bones
    Includes bones of the upper and lower limbs such as clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula.
  • Synovial joint anatomy
    Consists of a joint cavity, articular cartilage, and articular capsule.
  • Six classes of synovial joints
    Includes hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, saddle, plane, and condyloid joints.
  • Types of body movements at synovial joints
    Movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
  • Common vertebral misalignments
    Scoliosis (lateral curvature), kyphosis (excessive thoracic curve), and lordosis (excessive lumbar curve).
  • Fontanelles
    Soft spots on a fetal skull where cranial bones have not yet fused.