Skip to main content
Back

Anatomy & Physiology: Movement System and Skeletal Overview

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/28

Terms in this set (28)

  • Anatomical Position

    Body standing upright with heels together, head and shoulders erect, face and palms facing forward, and eyes looking straight ahead.

  • Body Regions

    1. Head (Caput), 2. Neck (Collum), 3. Trunk (Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis), 4. Upper limb (Brachium, Antebrachium, Manus), 5. Lower limb (Femur, Crus, Pes).

  • Sagittal Plane

    Vertical plane dividing the body into right and left parts, running front to back and top to bottom.

  • Frontal (Coronal) Plane

    Vertical plane dividing the body into front and back parts, running side to side and top to bottom.

  • Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

    Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts, parallel to the ground.

  • Anatomical Axes

    Sagittal axis (front to back), Transverse axis (side to side), Vertical axis (top to bottom).

  • Directional Terms: Anterior and Posterior

    Anterior means front, Posterior means back.

  • Directional Terms: Superior and Inferior

    Superior means above or upper, Inferior means below or lower.

  • Directional Terms: Medial and Lateral

    Medial means toward the midline, Lateral means away from the midline.

  • Directional Terms: Proximal and Distal

    Proximal means closer to the point of attachment or reference, Distal means farther from it.

  • Directional Terms: Cranial and Caudal

    Cranial means toward the head, Caudal means toward the feet.

  • Directional Terms: Ventral and Dorsal

    Ventral means toward the belly/front, Dorsal means toward the back.

  • Movement: Flexion and Extension

    Flexion decreases the angle between bones at a joint; Extension increases the angle.

  • Movement: Abduction and Adduction

    Abduction moves a limb away from the midline; Adduction moves it toward the midline.

  • Movement: Circumduction

    Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction producing a circular motion.

  • Movement: Rotation

    Turning of a bone around its own axis; includes internal (medial) and external (lateral) rotation.

  • Movement: Supination and Pronation

    Supination rotates the forearm so the palm faces up; Pronation rotates it so the palm faces down.

  • Movement: Inversion and Eversion

    Inversion turns the sole of the foot inward; Eversion turns it outward.

  • Bone Types

    Long, Short, Flat, Pneumatic (air-filled), Irregular, Sesamoid bones.

  • Long Bone Structure

    Consists of diaphysis (shaft), metaphysis (growth zone), and epiphysis (ends).

  • Bone Functions

    Support, protection, blood cell production, mineral storage, and providing attachment points for muscles.

  • Synarthrosis (Fibrous Joints)

    Immovable joints connected by fibrous tissue, e.g., sutures of the skull.

  • Amphiarthrosis (Cartilaginous Joints)

    Slightly movable joints connected by cartilage, e.g., intervertebral discs.

  • Diarthrosis (Synovial Joints)

    Freely movable joints with a synovial cavity, e.g., shoulder, knee.

  • Synovial Joint Components

    Facies articularis, Cartilago articularis, Capsula articularis, Cavitas articularis, Ligaments, and intra-articular structures like meniscus and bursae.

  • Muscle Types

    Skeletal (voluntary, striated), Smooth (involuntary, non-striated), Cardiac (involuntary, striated).

  • Muscle Contraction Types

    Isometric: tension increases without length change; Isotonic: muscle shortens with constant tension.

  • Muscle Roles in Movement

    Prime mover (agonist), synergist, antagonist, and fixator muscles.