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Anatomy & Physiology: Orientation, Directional Terms, Body Planes, Cavities, Regions, and Microscope Parts

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is the anatomical position?

    The person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward, palms face anteriorly with thumbs pointed away from the body.

  • Define 'Superior (cranial)' in anatomical terms.

    Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above.

  • Define 'Inferior (caudal)' in anatomical terms.

    Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.

  • What does 'Ventral (anterior)' mean?

    Toward or at the front of the body; in front of.

  • What does 'Dorsal (posterior)' mean?

    Toward or at the back of the body; behind.

  • Define 'Medial' in anatomical terms.

    Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.

  • Define 'Lateral' in anatomical terms.

    Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.

  • What is meant by 'Intermediate'?

    Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

  • Define 'Proximal' in anatomical terms.

    Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

  • Define 'Distal' in anatomical terms.

    Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.

  • What does 'Superficial (external)' mean?

    Toward or at the body surface.

  • What does 'Deep (internal)' mean?

    Away from the body surface; more internal.

  • Name the three main body planes and their orientation.

    Frontal (coronal) plane divides body into front and back; Sagittal (median) plane divides body into left and right; Transverse plane divides body into top and bottom.

  • What cavities are included in the dorsal body cavity?

    Cranial cavity (contains brain) and vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord).

  • What cavities are included in the ventral body cavity?

    Thoracic cavity (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity (digestive, urinary, reproductive organs).

  • List the major regions of the body from the head to the lower limb.

    Cephalic (head), cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), abdominal, pelvic, pubic (genital), upper limb, lower limb.

  • What is the function of the base of a microscope?

    Provides a sturdy flat surface to support and steady the microscope.

  • What is the role of the condenser in a microscope?

    Holds the slide in position for viewing and has two adjustable knobs that control the precise movement of the slide.

  • How do you calculate total magnification on a microscope?

    Multiply the objective lens magnification by the ocular lens magnification.

  • What happens to the working distance as objective lens magnification increases?

    The working distance gets smaller as objective lens magnification gets greater.