Skip to main content
Back

Anatomy & Physiology Practical 2 Key Terms

Control buttons has been changed to "navigation" mode.
1/28

Terms in this set (28)

  • Osteoblast
    A cell that synthesizes and secretes the organic components of bone matrix, responsible for bone formation.
  • Osteocyte
    A mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix and resides in lacunae.
  • Osteoclast
    A large multinucleated cell that breaks down bone tissue during bone resorption.
  • Compact bone
    Dense bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength and protection.
  • Spongy bone
    Porous bone tissue found inside bones, containing trabeculae and bone marrow.
  • Stratum basale
    The deepest layer of the epidermis where keratinocytes are produced.
  • Stratum spinosum
    The epidermal layer above the stratum basale, characterized by keratinocytes connected by desmosomes.
  • Stratum granulosum
    The epidermal layer where keratinocytes begin to die and accumulate keratohyalin granules.
  • Stratum corneum
    The outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead, keratinized cells that provide a protective barrier.
  • Periosteum
    A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping bones except at the surfaces of joints.
  • Endosteum
    A thin vascular membrane lining the inner surface of the bone, including the medullary cavity.
  • Medullary cavity
    The central cavity of bone shafts where yellow bone marrow is stored.
  • Epiphyseal plate
    A hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone where growth occurs.
  • Epiphyseal line
    The remnant of the epiphyseal plate, indicating where bone growth has ceased.
  • Trabeculae
    The lattice-like network of bone tissue in spongy bone that supports and protects bone marrow.
  • Osteon
    The fundamental functional unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae around a central canal.
  • Central canal
    A channel in the center of an osteon containing blood vessels and nerves.
  • Lamellae
    Concentric rings of calcified matrix in an osteon.
  • Lacunae
    Small spaces between lamellae that house osteocytes.
  • Canaliculi
    Tiny canals connecting lacunae, allowing communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes.
  • Hair follicle
    A tubular invagination of the epidermis that produces hair.
  • Arrector pili muscle
    A small muscle attached to hair follicles that causes hair to stand erect when contracted.
  • Sebaceous (Oil) gland
    A gland that secretes sebum to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.
  • Sweat gland
    A gland that produces sweat to help regulate body temperature.
  • Dermal papillae
    Projections of the dermis that interlock with the epidermis, increasing surface area for nutrient exchange.
  • Papillary layer
    The upper layer of the dermis composed of loose connective tissue and dermal papillae.
  • Reticular layer
    The deeper, thicker layer of the dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
  • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    The type of epithelium forming the epidermis, characterized by layers of dead cells filled with keratin.