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Anatomy & Physiology Quiz 1: Chapters 1-5 Key Concepts

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Terms in this set (20)

  • Definition of Anatomy

    Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.

  • Definition of Physiology

    Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function.

  • Levels of Structural Organization in the Human Body

    From simplest to most complex: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

  • Four Types of Tissue in the Human Body

    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

  • Homeostasis Definition

    Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

  • Negative Feedback Mechanism

    A process that reverses a change to maintain homeostasis, such as body temperature regulation.

  • Positive Feedback Mechanism

    A process that amplifies a change, like blood clotting or childbirth contractions.

  • Anatomical Position

    Body standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.

  • Body Planes: Sagittal Plane

    Divides the body into left and right parts.

  • Body Planes: Frontal (Coronal) Plane

    Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts.

  • Body Planes: Transverse Plane

    Divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) parts.

  • Major Body Cavities

    Dorsal cavity (cranial and spinal) and ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic).

  • Function of the Cell Membrane

    Controls entry and exit of substances, maintaining the cell's internal environment.

  • Role of Mitochondria

    Known as the powerhouse of the cell; produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

  • Definition of Diffusion

    Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without energy.

  • Osmosis Explained

    Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

  • Types of Connective Tissue

    Includes bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, and blood.

  • Functions of the Skeletal System

    Supports body, protects organs, provides leverage for movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.

  • Muscle Tissue Types

    Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues.

  • Function of Nervous Tissue

    Transmits electrical impulses to coordinate body functions.