BackAnatomy & Physiology: Skeletal System and Joints
3:56
Terms in this set (31)
Depression allows blood vessels and nerves to travel along a bone or provides a place where two bones can articulate.
Openings enclose delicate structures and allow them to travel through bones.
Projections provide sites for ligament and tendon attachment or where bones articulate.
The cranial cavity has a superior portion called the cranial vault (calvaria) and an inferior portion called the cranial base, which has three fossae: anterior, middle, and posterior.
Fontanels are soft spots where ossification is incomplete, allowing skull enlargement during brain growth; they close by 18-24 months.
A small C-shaped bone in the superior neck, suspended by muscles and ligaments, important for swallowing and speech; fracture may indicate strangulation.
Spaces between most moveable, unfused vertebrae allowing passage of spinal nerves.
Newborn vertebral column is C-shaped; cervical and lumbar curvatures develop later as concave curves for balance and support.
Lateral C- or S-shaped curvature of the vertebral column caused by congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic factors.
Swayback curvature often seen in overweight adults, pregnant women, or dancers due to training.
Hunchback curvature caused by arthritis, osteoporosis, vertebral fractures, or skeletal abnormalities.
The most anterior part of a vertebra, called the centrum, which bears weight.
Opening through which the spinal cord and associated tissues pass.
Have transverse foramina for vertebral arteries and veins; C7 has a longer spinous process.
Holds the head, lacks vertebral body and spinous process; superior facets articulate with occipital condyles allowing nodding.
Allows rotational movement of the neck (shaking head 'no') via the dens (odontoid process).
Fibrocartilage pad between vertebrae with a soft inner nucleus pulposus and outer annulus fibrosus that absorbs shock and binds vertebrae.
Ribs 1-7 are true ribs attaching directly to sternum; 8-12 are false ribs; 11-12 are floating ribs with no sternal attachment.
Consists of the clavicle and scapula, supporting the upper limb and serving as muscle attachment sites.
Medial end articulates with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint; lateral end articulates with scapula at the acromioclavicular joint.
Includes the coracoid process, glenoid cavity (shoulder joint), spine, acromion, and fossae for muscle attachment.
Largest upper limb bone with a proximal head articulating with scapula, a deltoid tuberosity for muscle attachment, and distal epicondyles.
Formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which fuse and contribute to the acetabulum and obturator foramen.
Largest, strongest bone; proximal head articulates with acetabulum; distal condyles articulate with tibia forming the knee joint.
Have a joint cavity with fluid, articular capsule, synovial fluid for lubrication, and are functionally diarthroses allowing free movement.
Synarthrosis: no movement; Amphiarthrosis: slight movement; Diarthrosis: freely movable joints.
United by dense collagen fibers, no joint space; include sutures (synarthrosis), gomphoses (synarthrosis), and syndesmoses (amphiarthrosis).
Bones united by cartilage, no joint space; include synchondroses (synarthrosis) and symphyses (amphiarthrosis).
Include plane (nonaxial), hinge (uniaxial), pivot (uniaxial), condylar (biaxial), saddle (biaxial), and ball-and-socket (multiaxial) joints.
Includes humeroulnar joint (trochlea and trochlear notch) and humeroradial joint (capitulum and radial head).
Tibial collateral ligament prevents lateral tibial movement; fibular collateral ligament prevents medial tibial movement; ACL and PCL prevent anterior and posterior tibial displacement.