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Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal System Basics

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
    The skeletal system provides support, protection for organs, movement via muscle attachment, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
  • What are the two main types of bone tissue?
    Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer; spongy bone is porous and found inside bones.
  • Name the four types of bones based on shape.
    Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
  • What is the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?
    Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix and communicate with other bone cells.
  • Define the term 'periosteum'.
    The periosteum is a dense connective tissue layer covering the outer surface of bones, containing nerves and blood vessels.
  • What is the function of red bone marrow?
    Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
  • Where is yellow bone marrow found and what is its function?
    Yellow bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity and stores fat.
  • What is the epiphyseal plate?
    The epiphyseal plate is a growth plate of cartilage where long bones lengthen during development.
  • Describe the process of bone remodeling.
    Bone remodeling involves osteoclasts breaking down old bone and osteoblasts forming new bone.
  • What mineral is primarily stored in bones?
    Bones primarily store calcium and phosphorus.
  • Name the main components of the axial skeleton.
    The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
  • What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
    The appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle.
  • What is the function of joints in the skeletal system?
    Joints connect bones and allow for movement and flexibility.
  • Differentiate between fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints.
    Fibrous joints are immovable, cartilaginous joints allow limited movement, and synovial joints are freely movable.
  • What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system?
    Ligaments connect bone to bone and provide joint stability.
  • Define osteogenesis.
    Osteogenesis is the process of bone formation.
  • What is the medullary cavity?
    The medullary cavity is the central hollow space inside long bones containing marrow.
  • What type of cartilage covers the ends of long bones?
    Articular cartilage covers the ends of long bones to reduce friction in joints.
  • Name the cells responsible for bone formation.
    Osteoblasts are cells that synthesize new bone matrix.
  • What is the function of osteoclasts?
    Osteoclasts break down bone tissue during remodeling and calcium release.