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Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal System Joints

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Terms in this set (26)

  • What are the three functional classifications of joints based on range of motion?
    Synarthrosis (immovable), Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and Diarthrosis (freely movable).
  • What structural types of joints are classified as synarthrosis (immovable)?
    Sutures, gomphosis, synchondrosis, and synostosis.
  • What is a gomphosis joint?
    A fibrous joint between teeth and jaw bones held by periodontal ligaments.
  • What is a synchondrosis joint?
    A cartilaginous joint within the epiphysis of a bone that binds the diaphysis to the epiphysis.
  • What is synostosis?
    A bony fusion joint where two bones fuse, such as the fusion of the three coxal bones.
  • What are amphiarthroses joints and examples?
    Slightly movable joints like syndesmosis (ligaments connecting radius and ulna) and symphysis (cartilage pad between pubic bones).
  • What defines a diarthrosis joint?
    A freely movable synovial joint typically found at the ends of long bones, e.g., shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints.
  • Name the six basic characteristics of synovial joints.
    Joint capsule, articular cartilages, joint cavity with synovial fluid, synovial membrane, accessory structures (cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bursae), sensory nerves and blood vessels.
  • What is the function of synovial fluid?
    Lubricates articular cartilage surfaces, nourishes chondrocytes, and acts as a shock absorber.
  • What accessory structures are found in synovial joints?
    Cartilages (menisci), fat pads, ligaments (extracapsular and intracapsular), tendons, bursae, and synovial tendon sheaths.
  • How does joint mobility relate to joint strength?
    Highly mobile joints (diarthrosis) are less strong; immovable joints (synarthrosis) are stronger and less prone to injury.
  • List the types of angular motion at synovial joints.
    Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, hyperextension, and circumduction.
  • What is rotation in joint movement?
    Movement around a longitudinal axis, including left/right rotation, medial/lateral rotation, pronation, and supination.
  • Name some special movements of synovial joints.
    Inversion/eversion, dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, lateral flexion, protraction/retraction, opposition/reposition, elevation/depression.
  • What bones form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
    The condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
  • Name the ligaments associated with the TMJ.
    Lateral ligament, stylomandibular ligament, and sphenomandibular ligament.
  • What are the components of intervertebral discs?
    Anulus fibrosus (outer layer), nucleus pulposus (inner layer), and vertebral endplates.
  • What ligaments support the vertebral column?
    Anterior longitudinal, posterior longitudinal, supraspinous, interspinous, and ligamentum flavum.
  • What movements occur at the vertebral column?
    Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation.
  • What bones and joints make up the shoulder complex?
    Clavicle, scapula, humerus, sternoclavicular joint, and shoulder (glenohumeral) joint.
  • What ligaments stabilize the sternoclavicular joint?
    Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, interclavicular ligament, and costoclavicular ligament.
  • What type of joint is the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint?
    A ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity.
  • Name key ligaments of the shoulder joint.
    Glenohumeral, coracohumeral, coraco-acromial, acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular, and transverse humeral ligaments.
  • What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
    They stabilize the shoulder joint more than the ligaments.
  • What bursae are associated with the shoulder joint?
    Subacromial, subcoracoid, subdeltoid, and subscapular bursae.
  • How does aging affect joints?
    Joints experience wear and tear leading to rheumatism and arthritis, which damage articular cartilage.