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Anatomy & Physiology: Skeletal System Review

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  • Function of the skeletal system important in a car accident
    Storage of minerals is especially important for bone strength and repair after trauma.
  • Description of bone tissue
    Bone tissue is dead calcified tissue that provides structure and support.
  • Role of red marrow in bones
    Red marrow is essential for hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells.
  • What is yellow marrow?
    Yellow marrow is primarily fat storage within the bone.
  • Where is red marrow found?
    Red marrow is found in areas of movement such as spongy bone in epiphyses.
  • Composition of the skeletal system
    The skeletal system is made of minerals and fat, mainly calcium phosphate and marrow.
  • Classification of wrist bones
    Wrist bones are classified as short bones, not long or flat bones.
  • Location of sesamoid bones
    Sesamoid bones are embedded in tendons near joints.
  • Bones surrounding the spinal cord
    These bones are classified as irregular bones.
  • Most numerous bone category in the skeleton
    Long bones are the most numerous bones in the body.
  • Function of long bones in movement
    Long bones act as fulcrums to enable body movement.
  • Function of spongy bone in the epiphysis
    Spongy bone in the epiphysis provides shock absorption and supports bone growth.
  • Contents of the diaphysis
    The diaphysis contains fat stores in the medullary cavity.
  • Fibrous membrane covering the outer bone surface
    The periosteum covers the outer surface of bones.
  • Bone cells capable of mitosis
    Osteoblasts are the bone cells that can undergo mitosis.
  • Cells not originating from osteogenic cells
    Osteoclasts do not originate from osteogenic cells.
  • Structures found in both compact and cancellous bone
    Lacunae are found in both compact and cancellous bone.
  • Structures only found in cancellous bone
    Volkmann’s canals are only found in cancellous bone.
  • Bone marking formed by nutrient foramen
    The nutrient foramen forms a canal in the bone.
  • Reason cartilage heals slowly
    Cartilage is slow to heal because it is semi-solid and flexible with limited blood supply.
  • Why osteocytes are spread out in bone tissue
    Osteocytes are spread out because they are surrounded by osteoid matrix.
  • Fate of chondrocytes in endochondral ossification
    Chondrocytes group to form the primary ossification center during ossification.
  • Bones formed by intramembranous ossification
    Flat bones like the skull bones are formed by intramembranous ossification.
  • Bone growth in length occurs at
    Bones grow in length due to activity in the epiphyseal plate.
  • Bone growth in diameter occurs by
    Bone diameter increases by formation in the periosteum.
  • Correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate
    The sequence is reserve, proliferation, maturation, calcification.
  • Types of fractures that can occur simultaneously
    A fracture can be both open and closed depending on skin involvement.
  • How fractured diaphysis releases fat globules
    Fat globules enter the bloodstream when the fracture pierces fat stores in the bone marrow.
  • Definition of a compound fracture
    A compound fracture is when the broken bone pierces the skin.
  • What replaces internal and external calli during fracture repair
    Calli are replaced by woven bone during healing.
  • First type of bone formed in fracture repair
    The first bone formed is woven bone, which is later remodeled.
  • Wolff’s law in bone remodeling
    Wolff’s law states bones adapt to mechanical stress, so a cyclist’s dominant leg has thicker bones.
  • Vitamin necessary for calcium absorption
    Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption in the small intestine.
  • Best food for bone health
    Liver is rich in nutrients beneficial for bone health.
  • Hormones responsible for adolescent growth spurt
    Growth hormone and parathyroid hormone regulate adolescent bone growth.
  • Hormones with opposing effects on bone
    Calcitonin and calcitriol have opposing effects on bone metabolism.
  • Body system primarily affected by abnormal calcium levels
    The skeletal system is primarily affected by calcium imbalances.
  • Hormone released when blood calcium is elevated
    Calcitonin is released to lower high blood calcium levels.