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Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues and Tissue Repair

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is a tissue in anatomy?
    Tissue is a group of cells similar in structure that perform a common or related function.
  • What are the four basic tissue types?
    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
  • What are the two main forms of epithelial tissue?
    Covering and lining epithelia (external and internal surfaces) and glandular epithelia (secretory tissue in glands).
  • What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?
    Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception.
  • How are glands classified by site of product release?
    Endocrine glands secrete internally (hormones), exocrine glands secrete externally (sweat).
  • What distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?
    Endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones into interstitial fluid; exocrine glands release secretions onto body surfaces or cavities via ducts.
  • What are the two types of exocrine glands based on cell number?
    Unicellular (e.g., goblet cells) and multicellular (e.g., salivary glands).
  • What are the two chief modes of secretion in multicellular exocrine glands?
    Merocrine (secretion by exocytosis) and holocrine (secretion by cell rupture).
  • What are the major functions of connective tissue?
    Binding and support, protection, insulation, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances (e.g., blood).
  • Name the four main classes of connective tissue.
    Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.
  • What are 'blast' cells in connective tissue?
    Immature cells that actively secrete ground substance and extracellular matrix fibers, e.g., fibroblasts in connective tissue proper.
  • What are 'cyte' cells in connective tissue?
    Mature, less active cells derived from blasts that maintain the health of the matrix.
  • What proteins make up myofilaments in muscle tissue?
    Actin and myosin proteins.
  • What are the three types of muscle tissue?
    Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
  • What are the two specialized cells in nervous tissue?
    Neurons (generate and conduct impulses) and supporting cells (support, insulate, protect neurons).
  • What triggers the tissue repair process?
    Compromise of the body's barriers activates the inflammatory and immune responses.
  • What are the two major ways tissue repair occurs?
    Regeneration (same tissue replaces destroyed tissue) and fibrosis (connective tissue replaces destroyed tissue).
  • What happens during the inflammation stage of tissue repair?
    Release of inflammatory chemicals causes dilation of blood vessels, increased permeability, and blood clotting.
  • What occurs during the organization stage of tissue repair?
    Blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue, epithelium regenerates, and fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to bridge the gap.
  • What marks the final stage of tissue repair?
    The scab detaches, fibrous tissue matures, epithelium thickens, resulting in a fully regenerated epithelium with underlying scar tissue.