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Anatomy & Physiology Unit 1 Key Terms and Concepts

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Terms in this set (21)

  • Superficial vs. Deep
    Superficial means near the surface; Deep means farther from the surface.
  • Superior vs. Inferior
    Superior means above; Inferior means below.
  • Cranial (Cephalic) vs. Caudal
    Cranial or Cephalic means toward the head; Caudal means toward the tail or lower part.
  • Ventral vs. Dorsal
    Ventral means front or belly side; Dorsal means back side.
  • Frontal (Coronal) Plane
    A vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts.
  • Midsagittal vs. Parasagittal Plane
    Midsagittal divides body into equal left and right halves; Parasagittal divides body into unequal left and right parts.
  • Transverse Plane
    A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
  • Levels of Organization
    Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
  • Dorsal Body Cavity
    Includes the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity housing the brain and spinal cord.
  • Ventral Body Cavity
    Includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities housing organs like heart, lungs, digestive organs.
  • Pleura Membranes
    Serous membranes lining the lungs; include visceral (on lungs) and parietal (lining cavity).
  • Pericardium Membranes
    Serous membranes surrounding the heart; include visceral and parietal layers.
  • Greater Omentum and Mesentery
    Greater omentum is a fatty apron over intestines; mesentery attaches intestines to abdominal wall.
  • Cardiac Sphincter
    Muscle opening between esophagus and stomach controlling food entry.
  • Pyloric Sphincter
    Muscle opening between stomach and duodenum controlling food exit.
  • Small Intestine Sections
    In order: duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
  • Large Intestine Sections
    Includes cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.
  • Thoracic Cavity Organs
    Includes heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and larynx.
  • Diaphragm
    Dome-shaped muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities.
  • Arteries vs. Veins
    Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood toward the heart.
  • Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circuits
    Pulmonary circuit moves blood between heart and lungs; systemic circuit moves blood between heart and body.