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anatomy test 1

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Terms in this set (29)

  • afferent

    from sensory receptor to controller center goes to

  • efferent

    sent from control center to the effector goes out

  • Osmoregulation kidney

    Cortex outer layer medulla inner layer saltiest layer. Nephron functional unit in the kidney transport filtrate surrounded by blood vessels juxtamedullary nephron responsible for generating and maintaining strong osmotic gradient for reabsorption.

  • Aldosterone

    stimulates distal tubule and collecting ducts to reabsorb more salt, water follows the reabsorption of salt increases blood volume and pressure. Released due to reduced concentration of Na+ in body as water follows salt leading to increase of blood volume and blood pressure

  • Hypertonic

    OUTSIDE Has a higher solute concentration than the cell. Water moves out of the cell, making it shrink

  • Hypotonic

    OUTSIDE Has a lower solute concentration than the cell. Water moves into the cell, making it swell or burst.

  • Isotonic

    Has an equal solute concentration to the cell. Water moves equally in both directions, keeping cell volume stable

  • renin

    Renin is released by juxtaglomerular apparatus JGcells in response to blood pressure or volume drop renin leads to the cleavage of angiotensin to angiotensin 2 which raises blood pressure through vasoconstriction and stimulates adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone

  • juxtaglomerular apparatus JGcells

    found in kidney in the blood vessels of the kidney they monitor blood decrease blood in kidneys causes JGcells detect low blood and create renin

  • antidiuretic hormone ADH

    tells the kidneys to reabsorb more water and produce less urine makes us feel thirsty as a response to an increase in concentration in plasma reabsorbing more water leads to a reduction in plasma osmolarity

  • Intracellular fluid

    in cell membrane ICF contains about 60% of our bodies fluid primary ions are K+ cation and HPO4 2- anion very low Na+ Cl- very low proteins. Key buffer system is the phosphate buffer system important buffer in urine and ICF. protein buffer system is the most important buffer system in ICF

  • ECF extracellular fluid

    outside cell membrane contains plasma and interstitial fluid. Plasma makes up 20% of ECF fluid contains Na+ and Cl0 ions and lots of proteins. interstitial fluid makes up 80% of ECF fluid high Na+ and Cl- ions small amount of proteins . Bicarbonate buffer and protein buffer systems buffer plasma

  • angiotensin

    angiotensin 2 can also stimulate the release of ADH angiotensinogen is released from the liver turns into sin 1 and 2. Constricts

    blood vessel increased blood pressure as they are constricted also creates secretion of ADH from petitory gland. Also causes aldosterone secretion from kidneys

  • interstitial fluid

    interstitial fluid makes up 80% of ECF fluid high Na+ and Cl- ions small amount of proteins . Bicarbonate buffer system dominates blood plasma and interstitial fluid buffer systems

  • starting molecule for steroid

    lipids are the starting molecule for steroids

  • DNA

    deoxyribose thymine and a phosphate group

  • RNA

    Ribose Uracil and phosphate group

  • tertiary proteins

    overall 3d shape single polypeptide chain folding over

  • quaternary protein

    Multiple polypeptide chains working together as a single, functional unit.

  • Primary structure protein structure

    sequence of amino acids forms a polypeptide chain

  • secondary structure

    the primary chain forms spirals a helicies like DNA and sheets b sheets which are flat

  • chemical Bicarbonate buffer system

    Only important buffer in ECF which includes blood plasma also some what buffers ICF Carbonic acid H2 CO3 and sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

  • chemical phosphate buffer system

    effective buffer in ICF and urine mix of NaH PO 4-2 sodium monohydrogen phosphate and NaH PO4- soduim dihydrogen phosphate locks up hydrogen in weak acids

  • chemical protein buffer system

    Amino acids capable of acting as acids or bases

  • respiratory buffer system

    more powerful than chemical buffers respiratory acidosis high concentration of CO2 high concentration of h+ decrease in Ph leads to shallow breathing. respiratory alkalosis low partial pressure of carbon dioxide CO2 low concentration of H+ increase in Ph triggers hyperventilation

  • Renal buffer system renal mechanisms

    only system that can rid body of acids generated by metabolism and regulate blood levels of alkaline substances . Secretion of h+. reabsorption of bicarbonate deals with alkaline substances. Only one that can renew chemical buffers conserve or generate new HCO30 excrete new HCO3-

  • METABOLIC ACIDOSIS and alkalosis

    renal /METABOLIC ACIDOSIS low HCO3- (bicarbonate) gives low blood Ph excess alcohol can cause METABOLIC ACIDOSIS. METABOLIC alkalosis caused by high concentration of HCO3- leads to high blood Ph can happen if we vomit acid from stomach not common

  • ECF primary buffer system

    Bicarbonate buffer system

  • ICF and urinary primary buffer system

    phosphate buffer system