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Appendicular Skeleton Anatomy & Physiology

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  • What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
    The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles and the upper and lower limbs.
  • What bones form the pectoral girdle?
    The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and scapula.
  • Name the bones of the upper arm and forearm.
    The upper arm contains the humerus; the forearm contains the radius (lateral) and ulna (medial).
  • Which forearm bone is on the thumb side?
    The radius is on the thumb side (lateral side) of the forearm.
  • Which forearm bone is on the pinky side?
    The ulna is on the pinky side (medial side) of the forearm.
  • How are the radius and ulna positioned when the palm faces forward?
    When the palm faces forward, the radius and ulna are parallel.
  • What type of bone is the humerus?
    The humerus is classified as a long bone.
  • How many carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges are in the hand?
    The hand has 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges.
  • Name the proximal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial.
    The proximal carpal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform.
  • Name the distal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial.
    The distal carpal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.
  • What bones form the pelvic girdle?
    The pelvic girdle is formed by the coxal (hip) bones, each made of fused ilium, ischium, and pubis.
  • What bones make up the thigh and leg?
    The thigh contains the femur; the leg contains the tibia (medial) and fibula (lateral).
  • Which leg bone is the main weight-bearing bone?
    The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the leg.
  • How many tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges are in the foot?
    The foot has 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, and 14 phalanges.
  • Name the three fused bones forming each hip bone.
    Each hip bone is formed by the ilium (superior), ischium (posteroinferior), and pubis (anteroinferior).
  • What is the function of the interosseous membrane in the forearm?
    The interosseous membrane connects the radius and ulna, providing stability and allowing muscle attachment.
  • What mnemonic helps remember the carpal bones?
    Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate).
  • What are the key functions of the appendicular skeleton?
    It allows movement (levers), protects vital organs, supports and stabilizes the body, stores minerals, and enables hematopoiesis.
  • What is the anatomical position of the scapula relative to the thorax?
    The scapula is a flat, triangular bone that slides over the thoracic wall.
  • What is the significance of the glenoid cavity?
    The glenoid cavity is the socket of the shoulder joint where the humerus head articulates.