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Appendicular Skeleton - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (21)

  • What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
    The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and the bones of the upper and lower limbs.
  • Compare the mobility and stability of the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
    The pectoral girdle has high mobility with a shallow glenoid cavity but less stability. The pelvic girdle has low mobility with a deep acetabulum but greater stability.
  • What bones form the pectoral girdle?
    The clavicle and scapula form the pectoral girdle.
  • Which end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum and which with the scapula?
    The sternal end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum; the acromial end articulates with the acromion of the scapula.
  • Name the three borders and three angles of the scapula.
    Borders: superior, medial (vertebral), lateral (axillary). Angles: superior, inferior, lateral.
  • What is the glenoid cavity?
    A shallow lateral socket on the scapula that receives the head of the humerus.
  • What bones articulate with the humerus proximally and distally?
    Proximally with the scapula; distally with the radius and ulna.
  • Match the distal humeral surfaces to the forearm bones.
    Capitulum articulates with the radius; trochlea articulates with the ulna.
  • In anatomical position, which forearm bone is lateral and which is medial?
    Radius is lateral (thumb side); ulna is medial (little-finger side).
  • Which forearm bone forms the main hinge at the elbow and which contributes most to the wrist?
    Ulna forms the main hinge at the elbow; radius contributes most to wrist movement.
  • Name the proximal and distal rows of carpals from lateral to medial.
    Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform. Distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.
  • How are metacarpals numbered and what do their bases and heads articulate with?
    Numbered I-V from the thumb. Bases articulate with distal carpals; heads articulate with proximal phalanges.
  • How many phalanges are in digits II-V and in the thumb?
    Digits II-V have three phalanges each; the thumb has two phalanges.
  • What three bones fuse to form each coxal bone?
    Ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse to form each coxal bone.
  • What is the acetabulum and what articulates with it?
    A deep, hemispherical socket on the coxal bone that receives the head of the femur.
  • Name one defining landmark for the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
    Ilium: iliac crest; Ischium: ischial tuberosity; Pubis: pubic symphysis.
  • What makes the femur and patella distinctive?
    Femur is the longest and strongest bone; patella is a triangular sesamoid bone that protects the knee and improves muscle leverage.
  • Compare the tibia and fibula in position, weight bearing, and joint participation.
    Tibia is medial, massive, weight-bearing, and forms the knee joint; fibula is lateral, slender, stabilizes the ankle, and does not form the knee joint.
  • Name all seven tarsal bones.
    Talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform.
  • How are metatarsals numbered and how many phalanges are in the great toe?
    Metatarsals are numbered I-V from the great toe; the great toe has two phalanges.
  • Name the three foot arches and their keystones.
    Medial longitudinal arch (keystone: talus), lateral longitudinal arch (keystone: cuboid), and transverse arch (keystone not specified).