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assignment 1- ch.1-9

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  • Transport of a substance from the lumen (cavity) of an organ into one side of a cell & out the other side of the cell into the EFC is called?

    Absorption

  • You conduct an experiment on a 28-year-old male subject to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which is/are a dependent variable?

    Heart Rate

  • A substance is highly soluble if it is?

    Very likely to dissolve in water

  • Insulin is an example of a peptide hormone. Insulin is also an example of a:

    Ligand

  • Which term is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium?

    A cell wall

  • What is the proper sequence of protein secretion?

    The polypeptide chain energy enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, a transport vesicle is formed, the polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the Golgi Complex, and a secretory vesicle is formed.

  • Which is NOT a function of epithelia?

    Storing energy reserves

  • Which is NOT a characteristic of plasma?

    A sticky solution containing glycoproteins & proteoglycans

  • A reversible reaction is one where?

    There are small changes in the net free energy from substrate to product.

  • What is the definition of metabolism?

    It is the total of all the chemical reactions in an organism.

  • A gene codes for a pro-insulin protein, which is then cleaved into insulin. This is an example of?

    A post-translational modification

  • Which answer choice has a higher osmolarity concentration than the others listed?

    3 moles of substance 2 with a dissociation factor of 2.0

  • What will happen to the cells of a patient who is given an intravenous (IV) solution that is isosmotic to intracellular fluids?

    The question cannot be answered with certainty without knowing which solutes are present in the IV solution

  • Second messenger molecules directly?

    Change enzyme activity, increase intracellular calcium concentration, change the regulation of ion channels, and change regulation of gene activity.

  • How can a solution be hyperosmotic, but hypotonic?

    If the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes is less in the solution than in a cell.

  • Which is a way for solutes to move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration?

    Facilitated diffusion

  • Which molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion?

    Steroids, lipids, & water

  • Which would increase the rate of diffusion across the cell membrane?

    A decease in membrane thickness

  • Which of the following is a similarity among paracellular transport and transcytosis? All 3...

    Are ways substances can be absorbed into the body

  • As the change on the membrane of a cell approaches 0 from -70mV, the cell is...

    Depolarizing

  • Cells that respond to signals are usually called?

    Targets

  • Inositol Triphosphate is a second messenger that?

    Binds to the calcium channel of the endoplasmic reticulum

  • Which is not a basic method of a cell-to-cell communication?

    Mechanical Signals

  • Aerobic metabolism of glucose?

    Requires oxygen & produces more ATP per glucose than anaerobic pathways.

  • Which cell membrane molecule would be most likely to allow the membrane to act as a selective barrier?

    Cholesterol