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Basic Cell Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the main levels of biological organization?
    Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, and Organismal levels.
  • What is the basic unit of life?
    The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
  • What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
    Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.
  • What is the plasma membrane also called?
    The plasma membrane is also called the cell membrane or plasmalemma.
  • Name three main functions of the cell membrane.
    Acts as a boundary, a semipermeable barrier, and enables communication via receptors.
  • What are the main components of the cytoskeleton?
    The cytoskeleton consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
  • What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
    It maintains cell integrity and provides motility.
  • What are inclusions in the cytoplasm?
    Inclusions are storage products such as glycogen and melanin.
  • Where is the cell wall found and what is its function?
    The cell wall is a rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane in plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria, but not in animals or protozoa.
  • What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?
    The smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
  • What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
    The rough ER has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis.
  • What is the function of mitochondria?
    Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for the cell.
  • What is the function of lysosomes?
    Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and cellular debris.
  • What is the role of the Golgi complex?
    The Golgi complex modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.
  • What is the cytoplasm composed of?
    The cytoplasm includes the cytosol and the organelles suspended within it.
  • What is the function of microvilli on the cell surface?
    Microvilli increase the surface area for absorption.
  • What is the function of cilia on the cell surface?
    Cilia help in movement of substances across the cell surface.
  • What is the function of centrioles?
    Centrioles play a role in cell division by organizing the mitotic spindle.
  • What is the function of the nucleolus?
    The nucleolus is responsible for ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.
  • What is the function of glycogen inclusions?
    Glycogen inclusions serve as a storage form of glucose in cells.