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Basic Concepts of the Human Body - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (21)

  • What is Anatomy?

    Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.

  • What is Physiology?

    Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function.

  • What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?

    Levels include chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.

  • What is the chemical level of organization?

    The chemical level involves atoms and molecules essential for life.

  • What is the cellular level?

    The cellular level consists of cells, the basic units of life.

  • What defines the tissue level?

    Tissues are groups of similar cells performing a common function.

  • What is an organ in the human body?

    An organ is a structure made of different tissues working together for a specific function.

  • What is an organ system?

    An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

  • What is the organism level?

    The organism level is the highest level, representing the whole living human body.

  • Why is homeostasis important?

    Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment necessary for survival.

  • What are the main components of a homeostatic control system?

    Components include receptor, control center, and effector.

  • What role does the receptor play in homeostasis?

    The receptor detects changes in the environment (stimuli).

  • What is the function of the control center?

    The control center processes information and directs responses.

  • What does the effector do in homeostasis?

    The effector carries out the response to restore balance.

  • What is negative feedback?

    Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain homeostasis.

  • Give an example of negative feedback in the body.

    Regulation of body temperature by sweating or shivering is an example.

  • What is positive feedback?

    Positive feedback amplifies a change, usually to complete a process.

  • Give an example of positive feedback.

    Blood clotting and childbirth contractions are examples of positive feedback.

  • What are the major organ systems of the human body?

    Examples include circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, muscular, skeletal, and endocrine systems.

  • What is the function of the circulatory system?

    The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes.

  • What does the respiratory system do?

    The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange between the body and environment.