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BIOL 200: Lecture Chapter One

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Terms in this set (103)

  • Anatomy is the study of:

    Internal and external structures of the body

  • Physiology is the study of

    the function and processes of the structures of the body

  • What is Gross Anatomy? What are the three subdivisions of gross anatomy? Define them.

    = subdisipline of anatomy = study of body structures can be seen with the naked eye. like organs

    Regional anatomy the structures of the body are divided into regions. ex: abominal

    Systemic anatomy: study of specific body systems

    surface anatomy: study of markings/ shapes on the surface of the body.

  • What are the subdisciplines of Anatomy?

    Gross Anatomy and Microscopic anatomy

  • What is microscopic anatomy?

    The study of structures in the body that can only be seen with a microscope. For example, cells, cell parts, and tissues.

  • What are the other branches of anatomy? (four in total)

    Developmental study of the structural changes in the body through life

    Embryology Study of how the body structures form/develop before birth

    Pathological Study of structure changes in cells, usually caused by diseases

    Radiographic Study of internal body structures through the means of using an Xray.

  • Most common units of measurement, and what they normally measure

    cm = 1/100 meter: organs

    micrometer = 1/1,000,000 meter: cells, organelles.

    mililiter = 1/1,000 liter (ml)

  • What are all the organ systems?

    I see many new elephants climbing large red dunes under rainbows

    integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

  • Integumentary system function + organs included

    Function: Forms external body covering + protects deeper tissues

    Organs: Nails, hair, skim, cutaneous receptors (near body surface to sense pain and pressure), sweat, and oil glands

  • Skeletal system

    function: provides protection + support for organs, and provides a framework for the muscles to use to cause motion

    Organs: bones, joints (cartilage)

  • Muscular system,

    Function: Allows us to interact with and manipulate the environment, locomotion, facial expression, and maintaining and producing body heat.

    Organs: skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, etc.

  • Nervous system

    Function: responds to stimuli, both internal and external changes. Activates appropriate muscles and glands

    Organs: spinal cord, nerves, brain

  • Cardiovascular system

    Function: circulate blood and nutrients throughout the body

    Organs: Blood vessels + heart

  • Lymphatic system

    picks up fluid (H2O, nutrients, CO2) and returns them back to cells, disposes of debris in the lymphatic system, and houses white blood cells which play an important role in immunity + attacking foreign substances

    Organs: Red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, Thoracic duct, spleen, lymph nodes

  • Endocrine system

    glands secrete hormones that regulate processes like growth, reproduction, and metabolism by body cells

    Organs: pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, Adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, testis

  • Respiratory system

    Function: Keeps blood constantly supplied with O2 and removes CO2- occurs within the walls of air sacs of lungs.

    Organs: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, Bronchus

  • Digestive System

    Function: breaks down food into absorbable nutrients for body cells. Indigestible food eliminated as feces

    Organs: oral cavity, esophogus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

  • Urinary system

    eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body and regulate water and acid-base balance in the blood

    Organs: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

  • Male and Female reproductive systems function of organs

    function production of offspring

    Testes produce sperm to fertilize egg,sex hormones

    male ducts & gland aid in delivery of sperm

    ovaries: produce eggs, sex hormones

    mammary glands: produce milk nourish newborn

  • Define the anatomical position

    A reference point- to accurately describe and locate body parts

  • Head =

    cephalic REGION

    contains:

    frontal, orbital, Nasal, Oral, and Mental (A)

    Otic (P)

    Occipital (P) aka back of head

  • Neck =

    Cervical REGION (A P )

  • Thoracic REGION contains

    sternal, axillary, mammary

  • Abdominal REGION contains

    umbilical

  • Pelvic REGION contains

    inguinal (groin)

  • genital =

    Pubic REGION

  • Upper Limb REGION contains

    Acromial (P A)

    Brachial (P A) aka arm

    Antecubital (A)

    Olecranal (P)

    Antibrachial (P A) aka forearm

    Carpal (A) aka wrist

  • Hand =

    Manus REGION

    contains

    Pollex (A)

    Metacarpal (P)

    Palmar (A)

    Digital (P A)

  • Lower Limb REGION contains

    Coxal (A) aka hip

    Femoral (A P) aka thigh

    Patellar (A)

    Popliteal (P)

    Crural (A) aka leg

    Sural (P) aka calf

    Fibular or peroneal (A P)

  • Foot =

    Pedal REGION

    contains:

    Tarsal (A) aka ankle

    Calcaneal (P)

    Metatarsal (A)

    Digital (A)

    Plantar (P)

    Hallux (A) aka big toe

  • dorsal =

    Back REGION (P)

    Scapular, vertebral, lumbar, sacral, gluteal

    Perineal (between anus and external genitilia)

  • What are the 9 Abdominal Regions

    Right Hypochondriac region

    Epigastric region

    Left hypochondriac region

    Right lumbar region

    Umbilical region

    Lef lumbar region

    Right iliac region

    Hypogastric region

    Left iliac region

  • Organs in the RUQ

    liver, gallbladder, stomach, right kidney, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, right adrenal gland

  • Organs in the RLQ

    small intestine, large intestine

  • Organs in LUQ

    liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, spleen, left kidney, left adrenal gland

  • Organs in LLQ

    small intestine, large intestine

  • What is homeostasis?

    Ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever changing outside world.

  • head

    cephalic REGION

    contains:

    fontal, orbital, nasal, oral, mental in the anterior section

    otic and occipital in the posterior section

  • forehead

    frontal

  • eyes area

    orbital

  • nose

    nasal

  • mouth

    oral

  • chin

    mental

  • ear

    otic

  • back of head

    occipital

  • Chest

    Thoracic REGION

    contains:

    Sternal, Axillary, and mammary mostly in the anterior section

  • breastbone area

    Sternal

  • armpit

    axillary

  • breast

    mammary

  • belly button

    umbilical

  • pelvis

    pelvic

  • groin

    inguinal or iliac

  • upper limbs contain:

    Acromial, Brachial, Antecubital, Olecranal, Anebrachial, Carpal

  • tip of shoulder

    Acromial

  • arm

    brachial

  • Front of elbow

    Antecubital

  • Back if elbow

    Olecranal

  • forearm

    Antebrachial

  • Wrist

    Carpal

  • Hand

    Manus REGION

    contains:

    Pollex, Palmar, Digital in anterior section

    Metacarpal, and digital in posterior section

  • thumb

    pollex

  • palm

    palmer

  • fingers

    Digital

  • back of hand

    metacarpal

  • lower limb REGION contains

    Anterior: Coxal, Femoral, Patellar, Crural

    Posterior: Femoral, Popliteal, Sural

    Lateral: peroneal

  • Hip

    Coxal

  • Thigh

    femoral

  • front of knee

    patellar

  • back of knee

    Popliteal

  • Leg

    Crural

  • Calf

    Sural

  • Lateral Leg

    Fibular (Peroneal)

  • Foot

    Pedal REGION

    contains

    Anterior: Tarsal, Metatarsal, Digital, Hallux

    Posterior: Calcaneal, Plantar

  • ankle

    Tarsal

  • heel

    calcanea

  • top of foot

    metatarsal

  • toes

    digital

  • sole of foot

    Plantar

  • Big toe

    Hallux

  • Back

    dorsal REGION

  • shoulder blade area

    scapular

  • vertebral column

    vertebral

  • lower back

    lumbar

  • area between hips

    sacral

  • buttock

    gluteal

  • region between anus and external genitalia

    perineal

  • Right Hypochondriac region contains:

    liver, gallbladder, right kidney, small intestine, large intestine

  • Left Hypochondriac region contains:

    spleen, stomach, left kidney, pancreas, large intestine

  • Right lumbar region contains:

    right kidney, small intestine, large intestine

  • Left lumbar region contains:

    left kidney, small intestine, large intestine

  • Right iliac (inguinal) region contains:

    small intestine, large intestine

  • Left iliac (inguinal) region contains:

    small intestine, large intestine

  • Epigastric region contains:

    liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine

  • Umbilical region contains:

    pancreas, small intestine, large intestine

  • Hypogastric region contains:

    small intestine, large intestine

  • What cavities are in the dorsal body cavity? And what do those cavities contain?

    Cranial Cavity: contains brain, surrounded by meninges

    Vertebral cavity: contains spinal cord, surrounded by meninges

  • What cavities are in the Ventral Body Cavity?

    Abdominopelvic cavity contains:

    Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

    Thoracic Cavity contains

    left and right pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity

  • Serous membranes in the Pleural cavity

    Visceral pleura serous membrane directly touches the lungs, which is in the pleural cavity. The pleural cavity also has serous fluid. Lining the walls of the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity is the parietal pleura serous membrane

  • serous membranes in the Mediastinum region

    directly touching the heart is the visceral pericardium- being surrounded by serous fluid with pericardial cavity. parietal pericardium serous membrane lines the walls of the pericardial cavity.

  • serous membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity

    directly touching each of the organs in the cavity is he visceral peritoneum serous membrane. which is surrounded by the serous fluid and the parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.

  • Organs in the abdominal cavity

    stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, ureters, and adrenal glands

  • Organs in the Pelvic cavity

    rectum, urinary bladder, ovaries, uterus, prostate gland, seminal glands

  • organs in the mediastinum

    heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus