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bone part 2

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Terms in this set (31)

  • ossification

    process of bone formation

  • primary bone

    first step of ossification, immature, irregularly arranged collagen bundles, osteocytes, little inorganic matrix

  • secondary bone

    second step of ossification, strong, mature, fully formed, parallel collagen bundles, more inorganic matrix

  • 2 forms of ossification

    intramembranous and endochondral

  • intramembranous ossification

    build on model made of embryonic connective tissue called mesenchymal membrane,

  • intramembranous details

    spongy bone forms first, flat bones, most of skull, and clavicles

  • endrochondral ossification

    built on model of hyaline cartilage

  • endrochondral locations and detail

    all of the bones in body below head except clavicles, outer compact bone forms first

  • step one of intramembranous

    osteoblasts develop in the primary ossification center from mesenchymal cells

  • mesenchymal cells order

    differentiate into osteogenic cells then into osteoblasts

  • step 2 of intramembranous

    osteoblasts secrete organic matrix, calcifies, trapped osteoblasts become osteocytes

  • calcification

    calcium salts and other things of inorganic matrix are deposited in the primary ossification center

  • step 3 of intramembranous

    osteoblasts lay down trabeculae of early spongy bone, some of surrounding mesenchyme differentiates into the periosteum

  • vasicular tissue

    becomes bone marrow during intramembranous ossificiation

  • step 4 of intramembranous

    osteoblasts in periosteum lay down early compact bone

  • the matrix during intramembranous

    remodeled to form immature compact bone

  • larger bones in intramembranous

    require fusion of primary ossification centers

  • fontanels

    soft spot in newborn skulls represent areas of incomplete fusion

  • endrochondral ossification hyaline cartilage model

    consists of chondrocytes and cartilage ECM surrounded by perichondrium, chondroblasts

  • step 1 of endochondral

    chondroblasts in perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts triggered by chemical signals

  • step 2 of endochondral

    bonde ossifies from outside , osteoblasts build bone collar on external surface, at ethe same time internal cartilage begins to calcify and chondrocytes die

  • step 2 of endochondral

    in primary ossifcation center, osteoblats replace calcified cartilage with early cpongy bone, secondary ossifciation centers and medullary cavity develop

  • step 4 of endochondral

    remaining cartilage is replaced by bone, epiphysis finishes ossifying

  • osteoporosis

    bone disease caused by inadequate inorganic matrix , bones are brittle, risk of fractures increase

  • achondroplasia

    cause of dwarfism, mutated gene causing abnormal growth

  • longitudinal growth

    lengthening of bones when chondrocytes divide at epiphyseal plate

  • step 1 of long growth

    proliferation, chondrocytes divide

  • step 2 of long growth

    hypertrophy and maturation, chondrocytes enlarge and mature

  • step 3 of long growth

    calcification, chondrocytes die and their matrix calcifies

  • step 4 of long growth

    ossification, calcified cartilage is replaced with bone

  • epiphyseal line

    remnant of the closed growth plate when zone of proliferation completly ossifies