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Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation in Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (10)

  • Types of bone shapes

    Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid are the main bone shapes, each with distinct functions and structures.

  • Bone marrow types and functions

    Red marrow produces blood cells; yellow marrow stores fat.

  • Endochondral ossification process

    Bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage, mainly in long bones during fetal development.

  • Intramembranous ossification process

    Bone develops directly from mesenchymal tissue, mainly forming flat bones like the skull.

  • Appositional growth in bones

    Bone grows in thickness by adding new layers on the surface via osteoblasts.

  • Spongy bone characteristics

    Lightweight, porous bone with trabeculae that support marrow and resist stress.

  • Compact bone characteristics

    Dense, solid bone forming the outer layer, providing strength and protection.

  • Role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone

    PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone.

  • Role of calcitonin in bone metabolism

    Calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting bone formation.

  • Role of calcitriol in calcium regulation

    Calcitriol enhances calcium absorption in the intestines and supports bone mineralization.