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Bones and Bone Tissues - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

    Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and energy storage.

  • What are the two main types of bone tissue?

    Compact bone and spongy (cancellous) bone.

  • Describe the structure of compact bone.

    Dense and solid with osteons (Haversian systems) as the structural unit.

  • What is an osteon?

    The basic structural unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal.

  • What cells are responsible for bone formation?

    Osteoblasts synthesize and secrete bone matrix.

  • Which cells break down bone tissue?

    Osteoclasts resorb bone by breaking down the matrix.

  • What is the role of osteocytes?

    Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix and communicate with other bone cells.

  • What is the organic component of bone matrix called?

    Osteoid, mainly composed of collagen fibers.

  • What mineral provides bone its hardness?

    Hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate mineral.

  • Where is spongy bone found?

    Inside bones, especially at the ends of long bones and inside flat bones.

  • What is the function of spongy bone?

    Provides structural support and houses red bone marrow for blood cell production.

  • What is the periosteum?

    A dense connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of bones, containing nerves and blood vessels.

  • What is the endosteum?

    A thin membrane lining the inner surface of bone cavities.

  • What is the difference between compact and spongy bone in terms of structure?

    Compact bone is dense with osteons; spongy bone has a porous, trabecular structure without osteons.

  • What is bone remodeling?

    The continuous process of bone resorption and formation to maintain bone strength and mineral homeostasis.

  • What is the role of the central (Haversian) canal in an osteon?

    It contains blood vessels and nerves supplying the bone.

  • What are lacunae in bone tissue?

    Small spaces housing osteocytes within the bone matrix.

  • What are canaliculi?

    Microscopic channels connecting lacunae, allowing nutrient and waste exchange between osteocytes.

  • What type of bone cells originate from monocytes/macrophages?

    Osteoclasts.

  • What is the primary organic component that gives bone tensile strength?

    Collagen fibers in the osteoid.