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Bones and Tissues in Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the four main types of tissues in the human body?

    Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

  • What is the primary function of connective tissue?

    To support, bind, and protect other tissues and organs.

  • Name the two main components of bone tissue.

    Organic matrix (collagen fibers) and inorganic mineral salts (mainly calcium phosphate).

  • What type of connective tissue connects bones to muscles?

    Tendons connect muscles to bones.

  • What is the function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

    Osteocytes maintain bone matrix and communicate with other bone cells.

  • Define compact bone.

    Dense bone tissue forming the outer layer of bones, providing strength and protection.

  • What is spongy bone?

    Light, porous bone tissue found inside bones, containing red bone marrow.

  • What is the role of cartilage in the skeletal system?

    Provides flexible support and reduces friction at joints.

  • Name the three types of cartilage.

    Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.

  • What is the periosteum?

    A dense connective tissue membrane covering the outer surface of bones.

  • What cells are responsible for bone formation?

    Osteoblasts synthesize new bone matrix.

  • Which cells break down bone tissue?

    Osteoclasts resorb bone during remodeling.

  • What is the function of red bone marrow?

    Produces blood cells (hematopoiesis).

  • Where is yellow bone marrow found and what is its function?

    Found in the medullary cavity; stores fat.

  • What is the Haversian system (osteon)?

    The structural unit of compact bone, consisting of concentric lamellae around a central canal.

  • What is the role of collagen fibers in bone?

    Provide tensile strength and flexibility to bone.

  • How does bone tissue differ from other connective tissues?

    Bone is mineralized and rigid, providing structural support and protection.

  • What is the function of fibrocartilage?

    Provides tough support and absorbs shock in joints like the intervertebral discs.

  • Describe elastic cartilage and where it is found.

    Flexible cartilage found in structures like the ear and epiglottis.

  • What is the role of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue?

    Provides structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.