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Cell Cycle and Cell Death in Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What are the sub-phases of Interphase?

    The sub-phases of Interphase are G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).

  • What happens during the G1 phase of Interphase?

    During G1 phase, the cell grows and performs normal functions while preparing for DNA replication.

  • What occurs in the S phase of Interphase?

    The S phase is when DNA replication occurs, duplicating the cell's genetic material.

  • What is the main activity in the G2 phase of Interphase?

    In G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis by producing necessary proteins and organelles.

  • List the phases of Mitosis in order.

    The phases of Mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

  • What key events occur during Prophase?

    In Prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form.

  • Describe what happens in Metaphase.

    During Metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate, attached to spindle fibers.

  • What occurs during Anaphase?

    In Anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

  • What is the main event in Telophase?

    Telophase involves the reformation of the nuclear envelope around separated chromosomes and the start of cytokinesis.

  • Define apoptosis.

    Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a controlled process that removes damaged or unnecessary cells without causing inflammation.

  • Define necrosis.

    Necrosis is uncontrolled cell death caused by injury or disease, often resulting in inflammation.

  • How does apoptosis differ from necrosis?

    Apoptosis is a regulated, clean cell death process, while necrosis is accidental and causes inflammation.

  • What role do spindle fibers play in mitosis?

    Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes and help separate sister chromatids during mitosis.

  • Why is DNA replication important before mitosis?

    DNA replication ensures each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes after mitosis.

  • What happens to the nuclear envelope during mitosis?

    The nuclear envelope breaks down during Prophase and reforms during Telophase.

  • What is cytokinesis?

    Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate daughter cells after mitosis.

  • At which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend most of its time?

    The cell spends most of its time in Interphase, performing growth and DNA replication.

  • What is the significance of the G0 phase?

    G0 phase is a resting state where cells exit the cycle and do not divide.

  • How does the cell ensure accurate chromosome separation?

    The cell uses the spindle assembly checkpoint to ensure chromosomes are properly attached before separation.

  • What triggers the start of mitosis?

    The completion of DNA replication and cell growth in G2 phase triggers the start of mitosis.