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Cells and Tissues - Anatomy & Physiology

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Terms in this set (20)

  • What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
    The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
  • Name the three main parts of a typical animal cell.
    The three main parts are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
  • What is the function of the plasma membrane?
    The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell and provides protection.
  • What is cytoplasm composed of?
    Cytoplasm is composed of cytosol (fluid) and organelles suspended within it.
  • What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
    The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities by regulating gene expression.
  • Define epithelial tissue.
    Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.
  • What are the main characteristics of epithelial tissue?
    Epithelial tissue is avascular, has tightly packed cells, and has a free surface exposed to the environment.
  • Name the four primary tissue types in the human body.
    The four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
  • What is connective tissue's primary function?
    Connective tissue supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs.
  • Identify the main components of connective tissue.
    Connective tissue consists of cells, fibers (collagen, elastic), and ground substance.
  • What distinguishes muscle tissue from other tissue types?
    Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction to produce movement.
  • Name the three types of muscle tissue.
    The three types are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
  • What is the function of nervous tissue?
    Nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses to coordinate body functions.
  • What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
    Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, supplying energy to the cell.
  • What is the role of ribosomes?
    Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
  • Describe the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
    The ER synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER) and transports materials within the cell.
  • What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
    The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use in the cell.
  • What is the function of lysosomes?
    Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest cellular waste and foreign materials.
  • What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelial tissue?
    Simple epithelium has a single cell layer; stratified epithelium has multiple layers for protection.
  • How can you identify connective tissue under a microscope?
    Connective tissue has scattered cells within an extracellular matrix of fibers and ground substance.