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Ch 12 Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy

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Terms in this set (26)

  • What is surface anatomy?

    Surface anatomy is the study of anatomical landmarks on the exterior of the human body, used for medical examination and locating structures.

  • Name the main regions used in a regional approach to surface anatomy.

    Head and neck, thorax, abdomen, upper limbs, and lower limbs.

  • What is the clinical importance of surface anatomy?

    It helps in estimating the location of structures and palpating them during medical exams and procedures.

  • Identify the anatomical landmark: Supraorbital margin

    The bony ridge located above the eye socket on the frontal bone of the skull.

  • What muscle is identified by the term 'sternocleidomastoid'?

    A muscle of the neck with two heads (clavicular and sternal) involved in head rotation and flexion.

  • What is the 'clavicle'?

    The collarbone, a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum.

  • Define the 'anterior cervical triangle'.

    A region of the neck bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, mandible, and midline of the neck.

  • What is the 'posterior cervical triangle'?

    A region of the neck bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscle, and clavicle.

  • What is the 'jugular notch'?

    A visible dip at the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum between the clavicles.

  • Name the muscle labeled as 'trapezius'.

    A large superficial muscle extending from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and scapula, involved in moving the scapula and supporting the arm.

  • What is the 'xiphoid process'?

    The small cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum.

  • Identify the 'rectus abdominis muscle'.

    A paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior abdominal wall, important for flexing the lumbar spine.

  • What is the 'linea alba'?

    A fibrous structure running down the midline of the abdomen, formed by the fusion of the abdominal aponeuroses.

  • Define the 'inguinal ligament'.

    A band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine, forming the base of the inguinal canal.

  • What is the 'deltoid muscle'?

    The thick, triangular shoulder muscle responsible for arm abduction.

  • Name the 'biceps brachii muscle'.

    A two-headed muscle on the anterior arm that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

  • What is the 'olecranon'?

    The bony prominence of the ulna at the elbow, serving as the insertion for the triceps brachii muscle.

  • Identify the 'patella'.

    The kneecap, a small bone that protects the knee joint and improves leverage of the thigh muscles.

  • What is the 'iliac crest'?

    The curved superior border of the ilium, the largest bone of the pelvis.

  • Define the 'popliteal fossa'.

    The shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint.

  • What is the 'calcaneus'?

    The heel bone, the largest tarsal bone in the foot.

  • What is the 'extensor digitorum longus muscle'?

    A muscle on the anterior leg that extends the toes and dorsiflexes the foot.

  • Describe the 'optic chiasm'.

    The X-shaped structure formed by the crossing of the optic nerves in the brain.

  • What is the 'substantia nigra'?

    A brain structure involved in movement control, located in the midbrain.

  • Identify the 'cerebellar cortex'.

    The outer layer of the cerebellum involved in motor control and coordination.

  • What is the 'occipital lobe'?

    The posterior lobe of the brain responsible for visual processing.