BackCH 4: (part 2) connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
Terms in this set (79)
connective tissues are made of specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and...
ground substance.
the matrix of a connective tissue is made of...
ground substance + extracellular protein fibers.
the matrix of a connective tissue surround...
cells in a tissue.
Functions of a connective tissue include...
providing structural framework (Ex: bone, cartilage)
transporting fluids (Ex: blood, lymph)
protecting delicate organs ( Ex: adipose, areolar)
the 3 general categories of connective tissues are...
connective tissue proper
fluid connective tissue
supportive connective tissue
the ground substance of a connective tissue PROPER is compared to a _____ texture and is made out of many types of cells + extracellular fibers.
syrup
Connective tissue proper branch out into either loose connective tissue or dense connective tissue based on the characteristics of matrix and...
the number of cell types.
the cell of connective tissue proper that is ALWAYS PRESENT and most abundant in fixed cells is called...
fibroblast
fibroblast cells of a connective tissue prosper secrete ____________ __________ and _______ ______.
polysaccharide derivatives and protein fibers.
the polysaccharide derivative secreted from fibroblasts is called...
hyaluronan
This cell of a connective tissue proper is considered a fat cell and has a single enormous lipid droplet...
Adipocytes cells
stem cells in a connective tissue proper that replace damaged cells by dividing and becoming specialized are called...
Mesenchymal cells
cells in a connective tissue prosper that store melanin are called...
melanocytes cells
cells in a connective tissue proper that engulf bacteria (pathogen/damaged cells) and release cytokines (proteins) that activate the immune system are called....
Macrophages
_____ macrophages cells spend a long period of time in the tissue.
FIXED
____ macrohapages MIGRATE through the tissue.
FREE
Immune system cells that release histamine and contain heparin in connective tissue proper....
MAST cells.
histamine in MAST cells...
stimulate inflammation after injury/infection.
heparin in MAST cells of connective tissue...
are anticoagulants that enhance blood flow.
Fibers of a connective tissue proper include...
collagen fibers
reticular fibers
elastic fibers
collagen fibers are long and straight and make up _______ and _________.
tendons and Ligaments
these fibers form interwoven framework and stabilized parenchyma (functional cells) of an organ. (thinner than collagen)
RETICULAR fibers
________ and _________ fibers are made up of the same protein subunits just put in a different order.
Collagen and Reticular fibers
These fibers have elastin proteins and branch out in a wave...
Elastic Fibers
clear "syrup" like substance that fills space between cells and surround tissue fibers is called...
the Grand substance of connective substance proper.
Loose connective tissue is known as the "_______ _______" of the body that fill spaces bewteen organs (cushion).
"Packing peanuts"
There are three types of Loose connective tissues...
areolar
adipose
reticular
_______ is an unorganized type of loose tissue that has an open framework and forms the layer separating the skin.
AREOLAR
_______ tissue is made of adipocytes (fat cells) that serve as INSULATION and shock absorption...
ADIPOSE tissue
TRUE or FALSE:
ADIPOSE tissues are metabolically active meaning their LIPIDS are constantly being broken down + replaced
TRUE
lose connective tissue called _________ are made of reticular fibers that support organs.
reticular tissue.
TRUE or FALSE:
reticular tissue is found in lymph nodes and bone marrow
TRUE
Dense connective tissues are often called ___________ tissues because they have many collagen fibers.
collagenous tissues
In Dense REGULAR connective tissues, the collagen fibers are ________ and tightly packed.
PARALLEL
_______ attach skeletal muscles -> bone and are composed of regular dense connective tissue.
TENDONS
_______ attach bone -> bone and are ALSO composed of regular dense connective tissue.
LIGAMENTS
tendinous sheet that attaches a broad, flat muscle to another muscle or to bones is called...
aponeurosis
TRUE or FALSE:
the APONEUROSIS is made of dense regular connective tissue and is associated with muscles of skill and lower back.
TRUE.
In Dense IRREGULAR connective tissues, the collagen fibers are form a __________ network with no consecutive pattern.
Interwoven.
perichondrium is a connective tissue that surrounds...
cartilage
periosteum is a connective tissue that surrounds (fibrous membrane)
bone
TRUE or FALSE:
both perichondrium (cartilage) and periosteum (bone) are composed of dense irregular tissue.
TRUE
Dense regular tissue that is made of elastic fibers is...
Elastic tissue
elastic tissues occur in the walls of...
large blood vessels
Blood and lymph are...
Fluid Connective Tissues.
the watery matrix of blood is called...
plasma.
Plasma in fluid connective tissue is made of...
formed elements.
The three types of formed elements are...
Red Blood Cells -> oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.
White blood cells -> immune system
Platelets -> blood clotting
Lymph is fluid connective tissue that flows through...
lymphatic vessels that connect directly to -> blood vessels.
___________ monitor composition of lymph and respond to injury/infection.
lymphocytes.
Cartilage and bone are...
supportive connective tissue.
Cartilage is tissue that provides protection and...
shock protection.
The matrix of CARTILAGE is what consistency?
firm gel like consistency.
the ground substance and chondroitin sulfates (polysaccharide derivative) in cartilage produce...
proteoglycans.
the ONLY type of cells in cartilage is called...
chondrocytes.
Chondrocytes on cartilage occur in chambers called... ("lake")
lacunae
chondrocytes in cartilage are avascular and gain nutrients through...
diffusion through matrix.
the three types of cartilage are...
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
The felxible cartilage that is most common and found in sternum, ribs, nose is called...
Hylaine cartilage.
elastic cartilage that found in external ear and voice box is called...
elastic cartilage.
the very tough cartilage with little ground substance and densely interwoven fibers is called...
Fibrocartilage.
TRUE or FALSE fibrocartilage is most commonly used to keep bones from touching.
TRUE.
Bone has _______ tissue.
osseous
the bone matrix is calcified and is a mixture of...
calcified calcium salts + LOTS calcium phosphate + some calcium carbonate
_________ are bone cells that also occur in lacunae
Osteocytes.
bone tissue is vascular, so they obtain nutrients through...
exchanging materials with blood vessels through Canaliculi .
The three types of muscle tissue are...
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle tissue has _____________ cells called muscle fibers.
multinucleate (have several 100 nuclei)
Skeletal muscle cells CANNOT divide and stay in __ state.
G0 state.
since skeletal muscle tissues cannot divide new muscle tissues are produced by divison of __________ cells.
myosatellite (muscle stem cells)
________ voluntary muscle has a banded appearance
striated.
Cardiac muscle tissue is connected by intercalated discs and is _________ bc has a banded appearance.
striated.
______ cells set the rate of contraction of a heart.
pacemaker.
Smooth muscle tissue CAN divide and is ___________ because it DOES NOT have a banded appearance.
non straited.
TRUE or FALSE smoothed muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels and hallow organs.
TRUE
Nervous Tissue sends ______ ______ through the body.
electrical impulses
_______ are the communicative cells of a nervous tissue.
Neurons
_______ are the supporting cells of a nervous tissue.
neuroglia
TRUE or FALSE:
neurons cannot divide and have limited repair.
TRUE