Ch.5 Integumentary System

the epidermis has ____ stratum layers

stratum _______ is the deepest layer of the epidermis that is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes

the three types of cells in the Basale layer of the epidermis are:

______ cells in the stratum Basale are stem cells that divide in order to produce keratinocytes.

the stratum Basale contains epidermal ridges that interlock with ______ ______ connecting the epidermis -> Dermis.

(Ex: fingerprint)

______ cells in the stratum Basale and sensory nerve endings form ______ _____. Allowing sensory on hairless skin.

_______ in the stratum Basale layer go through a cell process that extend all the way through -> stratum corneum (most superficial layer)

keratinocytes from the stratum Basale layer (deepest) then go up to the _____ ______ layer of the epidermis where they are still ALIVE

the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis contains ___ to ____ layers of LIVE keratinocytes.

The stratum Spinosum layer of the epidermis contains _____ cells (immune cells) that defend against microorganisms/skin cancers

the living keratinocytes go from the Stratum spinosum to the _____ ______ where they END UP dead.

(start alive, leave dead)

once keratinocytes arrive in the ______ ______ they stop dividing and begin PRODUCING keratin and keratohyalin

__________ produced by keratinocytes in the stratum Granulosum dehydrates and Aggregates keratinocytes together (cross linking keratin fibers). Causing the cell to become thin and flat.

the disintegration of nuclei + organelles of cells occur in the _____ ______ ( = cell death)

the cells in _____ _____ are flat and DENSLEY packed with keratin

(Ex: palms, soles of feet)

the ______ ______ layer of the epidermis contains DEAD, FLAT, and DEHYDRATED keratinocytes = KERATINIZED CELLS

(layer of skin we can TOUCH/FEEL)

Deep to the epidermis lies the ____ layer made out of two types of connective tissues due to it having to separate layers.

the _____ layer of the skin is the anchoring of many epidermal accessory structures and contains a network of blood vessels + nerves

the ______ layer of the dermis is made up of areolar tissue, a type of loose connective tissue.

The _____ layer is the superficial layer of the dermis.

The papillary layer of the dermis contains _______, _______, and _______

________ is the inflammation of the _____ layer of the Dermis.

______ _____ in the papillary layer of the dermis attach to epidermal ridges in the epidermis

the _______ layer is the deeper layer of the dermis

the ________ layer of the dermis if made of dense irregular connective tissue, _______ and _______

_____ fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis extend up to the ______ layer of the dermis and extend down to the ______ layer

_____ _____ are the parallel bundles of collagen + elastic fibers in the reticular layer of dermis and are oriented for NORMAL MOTION

the _______ (or the _______ layer) is deep to the dermis and NOT a part of the skin -> stabilizes position of cutaneous membrane.

(epidermis + dermis)

the hypodermis deep to the dermis is made of ______ tissue

______ is a pigment that accumulates in epidermal cells, dermis, subcutaneous layer.

carotene pigment is converted into ______ ____ which maintains epithelial tissue and enhances photoreceptor pigments in eye.

melanin is a pigment made in the ______ _____ layer of the epidermis by melanocytes.

melanin is stored in intracellular vesicles called ______

melanosomes made of melanin stored in the stratum Basale are transferred INTACT to __________ also in stratum Basale.

_________ destroy + recycle melanosomes.

For lighter skin the transfer of melanosomes -> keratinocytes only occur in the 2 DEEPER layers of epidermis, ______ ______ and ______ _______

for darker skin the transfer of melanosomes -> keratinocytes occur in...

Vitamin D produced in the 2 deepest layers of the epidermis ______ ______ and ______ _____

every hair follicle is wrapped in a _____ _____ ______ sheath.

______ ______ is the muscle that causes hair to stand (involountary)

the ______ is the central core of hair that has soft keratin

the _____ is the intermediate layer of hair.

the ______ is the exposed surface layer of hair that contains hard keratin

hair production begins at the _____ ______.

_______ cells divide and form new hair cells.

_______ glands are a type of exocrine glands that produce sebum -> hair follicles.

_______ follicles secret sebum directly onto epidermal surface.

______ sweat glands secrete thick/odorous sweat -> hair follicles and are mainly controlled by hormones (PUBERTY)

______ sweat glands secrete sweat onto skin

_____ is the pale crescent of the nail where blood vessels are obscured.