Chapter 1 Vocab Day 1+2

Below parietal, lower back of head.

Temples, in front of occipital bone.

The neck

From base of neck down to diaphragm (ribs).

Between ribs and pelvis, below thoracic region.

Lower part of spine, sacrum connects lumbar to the coccyx and pelvis.

Last bone at base of spine, the tailbone.

Breastbone, flatbone in center of front of chest

Collar bone

Shoulder blade

Long bone in upper arm, from shoulder to elbow.

one of the two long bones in the forearm, on (thumb) side of forearm.

One of the two bones in forearm, on (pinky) side.

wrists

ring-like bony structure located at the lower end of the trunk, connecting the vertebral column to the lower limbs. It is formed by the two hip bones (coxal bones).

the hip bone, is located in the pelvis. It is positioned on each side of the lower trunk and forms part of the pelvic girdle

Thigh bone

Kneecao

One of two bones in lower leg, bigger bone, the shin bone.

One of two bones in lower leg, the smaller bone.

Brain and spinal cord.

the network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body

gland located at the base of your brain below your hypothalamus.

a long, flattened gland located deep in the abdomen, behind the stomach and in front of the spine.

a small, almond-sized structure located at the base of the brain, below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland.

the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood and transfer it to the ventricles

the heart’s lower chamber, pumps blood to the lungs and throughout body.

small, bean-shaped structures located throughout the body, with clusters in the neck, armpits, chest, abdomen, and groin.

thin-walled tubes that transport lymph fluid from tissues to the bloodstream.

a small, fist‑sized organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm and inside the left rib cage. Ot sits adjacent to the stomach and is in close proximity to the left kidney and tail of the pancreas.

located in the upper chest, behind the breastbone (sternum), in front of the heart, and between the lungs.

Windpipe, tube that runs from neck down into upper chest.

located in the chest, branching from the lower end of the trachea into the lungs. the major airway that carry air from windpipe into lungs.

located in the chest (thoracic cavity), on either side of the heart, protected by the ribcage and resting on the diaphragm.

muscular tube that is located behind the trachea and heart, and in front of the spinal column. It extends from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach, running through the middle of the chest cavity

in the upper right portion of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm and mostly protected by the lower right rib cage.

a small, pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen

located in the upper left part of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm, between the esophagus and the small intestine.

located in the abdominal cavity, connecting the stomach to the large intestine, and lies beneath the stomach, coiled in the central and lower abdomen.

located in the abdominal cavity, forming a frame around the small intestine, extending from the lower right abdomen to the anus.

two bean-shaped organs located in the posterior abdomen, one on each side of the spine, just below the rib cage

muscular tubes that run from each kidney to the urinary bladder, extending from the upper abdomen to the pelvic region.

stores urine, muscular organ located in the lower abdomen, resting on the pelvic floor.

tube in the pelvic region that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Liver, gallbladder.

Stomach, spleen, pancreas.

ascending colon, appendix.

Descending colon, sigmoid colon.

Head

Eye

ear

cheek

nose

Mouth

armpit

groin

Shoulder

arm

area in front of elbow

wrist to elbow joint

Elbow

Palm

fingers

thumb

Big toe

Thigh

Knee

lower leg

Butt

Back of knee

Calf

foot

Ankle

Heel

Separates left and right portions. Vertical side from top to bottom (front to back) that divides body into left and right sides.

Plane passes through midline, dividing body in half and separating equal left and right sides.

This plane misses the midline, separating right and left portions of unequal size.

Vertical (front-to-back). Anterior (front) & Posterior (back).

Plane separates superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions of the body.

Above or towards head.

Below or towards feet.

Towards head or skull.

Toward tailbone or feet.

Toward midline of body.

Away from the midline.

Toward the front of the body

Toward the back of the body

Belly side/front side.

Back side

Closer to the point where a limb attached to the body

Farther to the point where a limb attached to the body

Face down, laying on stomach,

Face up, laying on back.

The wall or lining of a body cavity.

The organs inside a body cavity.

Protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temperature.

Skin (Epidermis), Dermis (Middle layer/nerves), Hair follicles, sweat glands, Nails, Sensory receptors, Subcutaneous layer

Directs immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems.

Central Nervous System (brain/spinal cord), Peripheral Nervous System (nerves).

Transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases.

Heart, Blood vessels (arteries/capillaries/veins), Blood.

Directs long-term changes in activities of other organ systems.

Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland, Thymus, Suprarenal Glands, Kidneys, Pancreas, Reproductive organs.

Provides support; protects tissues; stores minerals; forms blood cells.

Bones, Cartilages, Joints, Bone marrow.

Allows for locomotion; provides support; produces heat.

Skeletal Muscles, Tendons, Aponeuroses.

Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood; produces sound.

Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs.

Defense against infection and disease; returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream.

Lymphatic vessels, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Thymus.

Process food and absorb nutrients.

Oral cavity, Salivary glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Large intestine.

Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products.

Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra.

Produce sex cells and hormones.

Testes, Epididymis, Ductus deferens (sperm duct), Seminal glands, Prostate glands, Urethra, Penis, Scrotum.

Produce sex cells and hormones; supports embryonic development from fertilization to birth.

Ovaries, Uterine tubes, Uterus, Vagina, Clitoris, Labia, Mammary glands.

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers, produces glandular secretions.

Fills internal spaces, provides structural support, stores energy.

Contracts to produce active movement.

Conducts electrical impulses, carries information.

Loose: fibers create loose open framework, areolar tissue, adipose tissue, reticular tissue.

Blood: contained in cardiovascular system. Lymph: contained in lymphatic system.

Cartilage: Solid, rubbery matrix. Bone: solid, crystalline matrix.

Involuntary, in stomach (intestines).

Involuntary, heart.

Voluntary, arm.

Black and white, bones are bright white, air is black, soft tissues are gray. Flat 2D image.

Blood vessels are highlighted in bright white against a dark background. Looks like x-ray but vessels are outlined.

cross sectional, "slice" like image, circular or oval frame around image, more detailed than x-ray.

No bright white bones like CT, softer contrast, cross sectional.

Grainy, black and white, fuzzy texture, no bones in bright white, wedge shape.

Colorful, looks like a heat map.

Location: Lining of body cavities, blood vessels, alveoli of lungs.

Function: Reduced friction; controls vessel permeability; preforms absorption and secretion.

Location: Surface of skin; lining of oral cavity, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, vagina.

Function: Provides physical protection against abrasion pathogens and chemical attack.

Location: glands; ducts; portions of kidney tubules; thyroid gland.

Function: Limited protection; secretion; absorption.

Location: Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys.

Function: protection: secretion; absorption.

Location: Lining of some ducts (rare).

Function: Protection; secretion; absorption.

Location: urinary bladder; renal pelvis; ureters.

Function: Allows expansion and recoil after stretching.

Location: Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi; portions of male reproductive tract.

Function: protection; secretion.

Produce oily substance called sebum. Helps waterproof the skin. Acne is the infection of the sebaceous gland.

Deepest bottom layer. High mitotic rate (cubodial). Layer closest to the dermis.

Second deepest layer, lots of desmosomes/ keratin filaments. Low mitotic rate.

third deepest layer, cells begin loose organelles metabolism, no mitosis.

Second to the top layer, cells are dead, no internal structures (all organelles gone) clear.

Surface layer, multiple layers of dead flatted dry skin. Water resistant but not waterproof.

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