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Chapter 3

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  • The smallest functional unit of life is considered to be the ________.

    molecule

    atom

    cell

    tissue

    Cell

  • Which type of solution causes a red blood cell to shrivel and

    shrink?

    isotonic

    hypertonic

    hypotonic

    plasma

    Hypertonic

  • The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called __________.

    active transport

    filtration

    diffusion

    osmosis

    Diffusion

  • Plasma membranes allow certain molecules to pass, while blocking others. Membranes with this property are called

    impermeable.

    actively permeable.

    freely permeable.

    nonpermeable.

    selectively permeable.

    Selectively permeable

  • what transportation process does membrane engulf an object to bring it to the inside of a cell?

    pinocytosis

    exocytosis

    phagocytosis

    facilitated diffusion

    Phagocytosis

  • A cell must expend energy to accomplish substance movement during ________.

    diffusion

    active transport

    passive transport

    filtration

    osmosis

    Active

  • The main function of a mitochondrion organelle is to produce __________.

    protein

    DNA

    ATP

    lipids

    ATP

  • The major function of the golgi apparatus is to __________.

    perform cleanup and recycling within the cell

    modify and package secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

    produce energy

    participate in protein synthesis

    modify and package secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

  • What is the component of the nucleus in which rRNA synthesis and the assembly of ribosomal subunits occur

    Nucleolus (center mass of the nucleus)

  • Three nitrogenous base sequences on mRNA, which are complementary to gene triplets, are called

    chromosomes.

    codons.

    histones.

    amino acids.

    anticodons.

    Codons

  • The process of synthesizing an mRNA chain through the use of DNA molecules is called

    replication.

    RNA matching.

    differentiation.

    translation.

    transcription.

    Transcription

  • Which phase of mitosis involves the splitting or "pulling apart" of chromatids?

    telophase

    metaphase

    prophase

    anaphase

    Anaphase

  • Which phase of the cell cycle is DNA copied?

    G1

    G2

    Mitosis

    S

    S

  • Which basic functions of living things refers to the summation of all the chemical reactions in the body?

    growth

    responsiveness

    metabolism

    reproduction

    Metabolism

  • What is it called when ionic bonds are broken as individual ions interact with the positive or negative ends of polar water molecules?

    buffering

    heat capacity

    pH

    dissociation

    Dissociation

  • What kind of bonds do cations and anions form?

    polar covalent bonds

    hydrogen bonds

    ionic bonds

    covalent bonds

    Ionic bonds

  • Several inheritable mitochondrial disorders are the result of defective enzymes that reduce the efficiency of ATP production. The process of mitochondrial energy production is known as aerobic metabolism because it consumes what?

    oxygen

    glucose

    water

    carbon dioxide

    Oxygen

  • How do the nucleotides of DNA code for protein?

    Histones transcribe the information in nucleotides.

    The nucleotides of DNA bind to and are translated by ribosomes.

    Nucleotides are not involved in coding for proteins.

    A sequence of three nitrogenous bases represents a single amino acid.

    A sequence of three nitrogenous bases represents a single amino acid.

  • Most mutations occur during DNA replication, when cells are preparing for cell division. What is the term for when a person's cells do NOT all have the same genetic makeup?

    point mutation

    mosaicism

    apoptosis

    If a mutation occurs, all of the cells in an organism will have that mutation.

    Mosaicism