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Chapter 3 - Cells

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Terms in this set (19)

  • Active Transport

    Uses ATP to move molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration through carrier molecules in cell membranes.

  • Anaphase

    A phase where the spindle fibers contact, pull the sister chromatids toward centrioles.

  • Cancer

    A loss of control of the cell cycle.

  • Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

    It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, participates in signal transduction, and helps cells adhere to other cells.

  • Differentiation

    The process by which cells develop into different types of cells with specialized functions.

  • Diffusion

    A process caused by the random motion of molecules and involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

  • Endocytosis

    Molecules that are too large to be transported by (engulfed by) an invagination of the cell membrane and carried into the cell surrounded by a vesicle.

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    A part in the cell that's made up of membranes, flattened sacs, and vesicles, and provides a tubular transport system inside the cell. There is rough ER with ribosomes, and smooth ER without ribosomes.

  • Exocytosis

    Opposite of endocytosis where a cell moves large molecules or waste out of the cytoplasm and into the extracellular environment.

  • Facilitated Diffusion

    A passive process that uses membrane proteins that function as carriers to move molecules (such as glucose) across the cell membrane.

  • Filtration

    The process where molecules can be forced through membranes using hydrostatic pressure.

  • Lysosome

    The "garbage disposals" of the cell and contain digestive enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria.

  • Metaphase

    A phase when spindle fibers attach to centromeres on the chromosomes and the chromosomes align midway between centrioles.

  • Mitochondria (mitochondrion)

    The powerhouses of the cell and contain enzymes needed for aerobic respiration.

  • Nucleus

    The command center of a cell that stores DNA and directs all cellular activities.

  • Osmosis

    A special case of diffusion in which water moves from an area of higher water concentration (less osmotic pressure) across a selectively permeable membrane to an area of lower water concentration (higher osmotic pressure).

  • Pinocytosis

    A form of endocytosis in which cells engulf ("surrounds") liquids.

  • Prophase

    The first stage of mitosis where DNA is condensing into chromosomes, centrioles migrating to the poles, microtubules of cytoskeleton reorganize into spindle fibers, disappearance of the nuclear membrane.

  • Telophase

    The final stage of mitosis where chromosomes have completed migrations, nuclear envelope reappears, chromosomes unwind into chromatin.