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chapter 8

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Terms in this set (9)

  • Parts of a synovial joint

    Articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs compression. Joint cavity permits movement. Synovial membrane produces synovial fluid. Synovial fluid lubricates, feeds cartilage, and absorbs shock. Joint capsule encloses and stabilizes the joint.

  • How does avascular cartilage get nutrients?

    Synovial fluid delivers nutrients to avascular cartilage and removes wastes.

  • Difference between ligament, tendon, and meniscus

    Ligament: bone to bone, provides stability.
    Tendon: muscle to bone, transmits force.
    Meniscus: fibrocartilage pad in the knee; improves fit, spreads load, absorbs shock.

  • Where are tendon sheaths found and their function?

    Located in the wrist and ankle, tendon sheaths are tube-like bursae that allow tendons to glide smoothly.

  • Joint types of elbow, proximal radioulnar, and wrist

    Elbow: hinge (flexion/extension).
    Proximal radioulnar: pivot (pronation/supination).
    Wrist: condylar/ellipsoid (biaxial movement).

  • Examples of other joint types

    Thumb: saddle joint (opposition).
    Shoulder: ball-and-socket (triaxial).
    Intercarpal: plane (gliding).

  • Meaning of shrug, thumb to pinky, toes toward shin, arm out to side

    Shrug: elevation.
    Thumb to pinky: opposition.
    Toes toward shin: dorsiflexion.
    Arm out to side: abduction.

  • Effects of a torn meniscus

    Reduces force distribution and shock absorption, leading to joint stress. Ligament tears cause less stability and abnormal movement. The 'Three C's' involved: medial Collateral ligament, Cartilage (medial meniscus), and anterior Cruciate ligament.

  • What happens to cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA)?

    Cartilage changes from smooth and thick to rough with bristly collagen fibers, increasing friction and accelerating degeneration, causing pain and limited movement.