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chp. 3

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Terms in this set (56)

  • epithelia

    cover exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers, produces glandular secretions; physical protection, controls permeability, provide sensation and produce secretions

  • microvilli

    absorption/secretion

  • stereocilia

    long microvilli, cannot move

  • cilated epithelium

    cilia move together to propel substances over epithelial surface

  • basal lamina

    superficial portion of basement membrane, secreted by epithelial cells; restricts movement of large molecules from underlying connective tissue

  • lamina recticularis

    contains bundles of coarse fiber proteins that anchor basement membrane to underlying connective tissue, secreted by underlying connective tissue

  • simple squamous epithelium

    • single layer of flat cells

    • lines body cavities, blood vessels

    • reduces friction, controls permeability, absorption and secretion

  • stratified squamous epithelium

    • multiple layers of flat cells

    • surface of skin, lines mouth, throat, etc.

    • physical protection

  • simple cuboidal epithelium

    • single layer of cube-shaped cells

    • in glands, ducts

    • secretion and absorption

  • stratified cuboidal epithelium

    • multiple layers of cube-shaped cells

    • lining of some ducts

    • protection, absorption, secretion

  • simple columnar epithelium

    • single row of long cells

    • can be ciliated

    • lines stomach, intestines

    • protection, secretion, absorption,

  • stratified columnar epithelium

    • rows of column-shaped cells

    • mammary glands, salivary gland ducts

    • protection

  • psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

    • single row of column-shaped cells that look stacked

    • lines nasal cavity, trachea

    • protection, secretion

  • transitional epithelium

    • rows of different shaped cells

    • bladder, pelvis, ureters

    • permits expansion and recoil after stretching

  • serous glands

    secrete water fluids with enzymes

  • mucous glands

    secrete mucins that absorb water to form mucus

  • exocrine glands

    release secretions through epithelial ducts

  • endocrine glands

    ductless glands release hormones through exocytosis into intersitial fluid

  • compound tubular duct

    collection of many straight branches; mucous glands

  • compound alveolar duct

    many branches into rounded chambers; mammary glands

  • compound tubuloalveolar glands

    branches that are straight and some branch into rounded chambers; salivary glands

  • simple tubular gland

    one straight branch; intestinal gland

  • simple coiled tubular gland

    single curled branch; merocrine sweat glands

  • simple branched tubular

    three straight branches; gastric glands

  • simple alveolar gland

    single rounded chamber

  • simple branched alveolar

    three rounded chambers; sebaceous glands

  • merocrine

    secretions released through exocytosis

  • apocrine

    secretions released through shedding of apical portion of cytoplasm

  • holocrine

    cells produce secretion then burst, releasing it

  • fibroblasts

    produce connective tissue fibers

  • fibrocytes

    maintain connective tissue fibers and matrix

  • fixed macrophages

    phagocytize pathogens and damaged cells

  • adipocytes

    store lipid reserves

  • mesenchymal cells

    connective tissue stem cells that can differentiate into other cell types

  • melanocytes

    synthesize melanin

  • free macrophages

    traveling phagocytic cells

  • mast cells

    stimulate local inflammation

  • lymphocytes

    participate in immune response

  • neutrophils and eosinophils

    small, phagocytic blood cells that mobilize during infection or tissue injury

  • reticular fibers

    single unit of collagen proteins; thinner, forms interwoven framework

  • areolar tissue

    cushions organs; within dermis of skin, between muscles, around blood vessels

  • adipose tissue

    provides padding; deep to the skin

  • reticular tissue

    provides supporting framework; liver, kidney, spleen

  • dense regular connective tissues

    provides firm attachment; tendons, aponeuroses, elastic tissue, ligaments

  • dense irregular connective tissues

    provides strength to resist forces, and prevent overexpansion; dermis, covers bones and cartilage, capsules of organs

  • elastic tissue

    cushions shocks, stabilizes positions; between vertebrae

  • fluid connective tissues

    • blood: matrix (plasma) and formed elements

    • lymph: interstitial fluid

  • hyaline cartilage

    provides stiff, flexible support, reduces friction; covering bone surfaces at joints

  • elastic cartilage

    tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape; external ear

  • fibrous cartilage

    resists compression and prevents bone-to-bone contact; pads within knee joints

  • mucous membranes

    wet membranes with connection to exterior

  • serous membrane

    line ventral body cavity

  • cutaneous membrane

    thick, dry, water-resistant membrane

  • synovial membrane

    areolar tissue with incomplete layer of overlying epithelium

  • transudate

    fluid on surface of serous membrane

  • fascia

    layer/sheet of connective tissue